Abstract
This study measures the association between resources and the atmosphere; social and environmental aspects of energy production have become critical. In this context, the aim of this research is to explore the mediating effect of renewable energy patents in developing potential frameworks for energy policy viewpoints on the climate. The study took panel data from 2010 to 2017 and used a non-radial data envelopment analysis (DEA) process and panel data model for 30 Chinese provinces. The findings indicate that between 2010 and 2017, the average environmental efficiency index (EPI) of Chinese areas increased by 9.88%. When firms’ internal variables are proxied by their commodity (revenue), the relationship term’s point approximate coefficient is about 0.05. This magnitude means that a 1% rise in a company’s assets will result in a 5% increase is estimated to be about 0.157, implying that a 1% rise in firm leverage is correlated with a 15.7%. Finally, based on the study results, some policy implications were proposed.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
The data can be available on request.
References
Abbas Q, Nurunnabi M, Alfakhri Y, Khan W, Hussain A, Iqbal W (2020) The role of fixed capital formation, renewable and non-renewable energy in economic growth and carbon emission: a case study of Belt and Road Initiative project. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27:45476–45486. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10413-y
Adeleye BN, Gershon O, Ogundipe A, Owolabi O, Ogunrinola I, Adediran O (2020) Comparative investigation of the growth-poverty-inequality trilemma in Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin American and Caribbean Countries. Heliyon 6:e05631. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05631
Akbar U, Li QL, Akmal MA, Shakib M, Iqbal W (2021) Nexus between agro-ecological efficiency and carbon emission transfer: evidence from China. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28:18995–19007. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09614-2
Alemzero DA, Iqbal N, Iqbal S, Mohsin M, Chukwuma NJ, Shah BA (2020a) Assessing the perceived impact of exploration and production of hydrocarbons on households perspective of environmental regulation in Ghana. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28:5359–5371. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10880-3
Alemzero DA et al (2021b) "Assessing energy security in Africa based on multi-dimensional approach of principal composite analysis." Environ Sci Pollut Res 28.2: 2158-2171
Ang BW, Goh T (2019) Index decomposition analysis for comparing emission scenarios: applications and challenges. Energy Econ 83:74–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2019.06.013
Anser MK (2019) Impact of energy consumption and human activities on carbon emissions in Pakistan: application of stirpat model. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26:13453–13463. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04859-y
Anser MK, Zhang Z, Kanwal L (2018) Moderating effect of innovation on corporate social responsibility and firm performance in realm of sustainable development. Corp Soc Responsib Environ Manag 25:799–806. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1495
Anser MK, Ali M, Anwar F, Usman M (2020a) Subjective age and job satisfaction: a moderated mediation model of job burnout and chronological age. Front Public Health 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00062
Anser MK, Yousaf Z, Awan U, Nassani AA, Qazi Abro MM, Zaman K (2020b) Identifying the carbon emissions damage to international tourism: turn a blind eye. Sustain 12.5:1937
Anser MK, Yousaf Z, Nassani AA, Abro MMQ, Zaman K (2020c) International tourism, social distribution, and environmental Kuznets curve: evidence from a panel of G-7 countries. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27:2707–2720. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-07196-2
Asif M, Khan KB, Anser MK, Nassani AA, Abro MMQ, Zaman K (2020) Dynamic interaction between financial development and natural resources: evaluating the ‘resource curse’ hypothesis. Res Policy 65:101566. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2019.101566
Baloch ZA, Tan Q, Iqbal N, Mohsin M, Abbas Q, Iqbal W, Chaudhry IS (2020) Trilemma assessment of energy intensity, efficiency, and environmental index: evidence from BRICS countries. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27:34337–34347. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09578-3
Banker, Rajiv D et al (1988) "A comparison of DEA and translog estimates of production frontiers using simulated observations from a known technology." Applications of modern production theory: Efficiency and productivity. Springer, Dordrecht, pp. 33–55
Bošković A, Krstić A (2020) The combined use of balanced scorecard and data envelopment analysis in the banking industry. Bus Syst Res 11:4–15. https://doi.org/10.2478/bsrj-2020-0001
Cansino JM, Sánchez-Braza A, Rodríguez-Arévalo ML (2018) How can Chile move away from a high carbon economy? Energy Econ 69:350–366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2017.12.001
Chai J, Liang T, Lai KK, Zhang ZG, Wang S (2018) The future natural gas consumption in China: based on the LMDI-STIRPAT-PLSR framework and scenario analysis. Energy Policy 119:215–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2018.04.049
Chandio AA, Jiang Y, Rehman A, Twumasi MA, Pathan AG, Mohsin M (2020) Determinants of demand for credit by smallholder farmers’: a farm level analysis based on survey in Sindh, Pakistan. J Asian Bus Econ Stud ahead-of-p ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/jabes-01-2020-0004
Chao M, Kai C, Zhiwei Z (2020) Research on tobacco foreign body detection device based on machine vision. Trans Inst Meas Control 42:2857–2871. https://doi.org/10.1177/0142331220929816
Chen L, Xu X (2020) Effect evaluation of the long-term care insurance (LTCI) system on the health care of the elderly: a review. J Multidiscip Healthc 13:863–875
Chien FS, Kamran HW, Albashar G, Iqbal W (2021) Dynamic planning, conversion, and management strategy of different renewable energy sources: a sustainable solution for severe energy crises in emerging economies. Int J Hydrog Energy 46:7745–7758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.12.004
Du X, Qiu J, Deng S et al (2021) Flame-retardant and solid-solid phase change composites based on dopamine-decorated BP nanosheets/polyurethane for efficient solar-to-thermal energy storage. Renew Energy 164:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2020.09.067
Guo X, Xiao B, Song L (2020) Emission reduction and energy-intensity enhancement: the expected and unexpected consequences of China’s coal consumption constraint policy. J Clean Prod 271: 122691https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122691
Hansen BE (1999) Threshold effects in non-dynamic panels: estimation, testing, and inference. J Econ 93:345–368. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4076(99)00025-1
He X, Zhang T, Xue Q, Zhou Y, Wang H, Bolan NS, Jiang R, Tsang DCW (2021) Enhanced adsorption of Cu(II) and Zn(II) from aqueous solution by polyethyleneimine modified straw hydrochar. Sci Total Environ 778:146116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146116
Iqbal W, Fatima A, Yumei H, Abbas Q, Iram R (2020) Oil supply risk and affecting parameters associated with oil supplementation and disruption. J Clean Prod 255:120187
Iqbal W, Tang YM, Chau KY, Irfan M, Mohsin M (2021) Nexus between air pollution and NCOV-2019 in China: application of negative binomial regression analysis. Process Saf Environ Prot 150:557–565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2021.04.039
Iram R, Anser MK, Awan RU et al (2020) Prioritization of renewable solar energy to prevent energy insecurity: an integrated role. Singap Econ Rev 66:391–412. https://doi.org/10.1142/S021759082043002X
Jia J, Jian H, Xie D, Gu Z, Chen C (2019) Multi-scale decomposition of energy-related industrial carbon emission by an extended logarithmic mean Divisia index: a case study of Jiangxi, China. Energy Effic 12:2161–2186. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-019-09814-x
Kaffash S, Azizi R, Huang Y, Zhu J (2020) A survey of data envelopment analysis applications in the insurance industry 1993–2018. Eur J Oper Res 284.3:801–813
Khokhar M, Hou Y, Rafique MA, Iqbal W (2020) Evaluating the social sustainability criteria of supply chain management in manufacturing industries: a role of BWM in MCDM. Probl Ekorozwoju 15:185–194
Kimura F, Chang MS (2017) Industrialization and poverty reduction in East Asia: internal labor movements matter. J Asian Econ 48:23–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asieco.2016.10.005
Lam CM, Hsu SC, Alvarado V, Li WM (2020) Integrated life-cycle data envelopment analysis for techno-environmental performance evaluation on sludge-to-energy systems. Appl Energy 266:114867. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.114867
Li JQ, McNeil S (2021) Data envelopment analysis for highway asset investment assessment. J Traffic Transp Eng 8:117–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtte.2019.06.001
Li X, Li Z, Jia T, Yan P, Wang D, Liu G (2021a) The sense of community revisited in Hankow, China: combining the impacts of perceptual factors and built environment attributes. Cities 111:103108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2021.103108
Li Y, Wang S, Xu T, Li J, Zhang Y, Xu T, Yang J (2021b) Novel designs for the reliability and safety of supercritical water oxidation process for sludge treatment. Process Saf Environ Prot 149:385–398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2020.10.049
Liu C, Lin B (2018) Analysis of the changes in the scale of natural gas subsidy in China and its decomposition factors. Energy Econ 70:37–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2017.12.025
Liu J, Liu Y, Wang X (2020a) An environmental assessment model of construction and demolition waste based on system dynamics: a case study in Guangzhou. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27:37237–37259. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-07107-5
Liu J, Yi Y, Wang X (2020b) Exploring factors influencing construction waste reduction: a structural equation modeling approach. J Clean Prod 276:123185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123185
Liu W, Li J, Ren L, Xu J, Li C, Li S (2020c) Exploring livelihood resilience and its impact on livelihood strategy in rural China. Soc Indic Res 150:977–998. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-020-02347-2
Mi C, Cao L, Zhang Z, Feng Y, Yao L, Wu Y (2020) A port container code recognition algorithm under natural conditions. J Coast Res 103:822–829. https://doi.org/10.2112/SI103-170.1
Mohsin M, Rasheed AK, Saidur R (2018) Economic viability and production capacity of wind generated renewable hydrogen. Int J Hydrog Energy 43:2621–2630
Mohsin M, Hanif I, Taghizadeh-Hesary F, Abbas Q, Iqbal W (2021) Nexus between energy efficiency and electricity reforms: a DEA-based way forward for clean power development. Energy Policy 149:112052. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2020.112052
Negro SO, Alkemade F, Hekkert MP (2012) Why does renewable energy diffuse so slowly? A review of innovation system problems. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 16(6):3836–3846
Nwankwoala HO, Abadom ND, Oborie E (2018) Geochemical assessment and modeling of water quality for irrigation and industrial purposes in otuoke and environs, bayelsa state, nigeria. Water Conserv Manag 2:13–17. https://doi.org/10.26480/wcm.01.2018.13.17
Olusola FO (2020) Groundwater quality evaluation for drinking, domestic and irrigation uses in parts of ode irele local government area of Ondo state, Nigeria. Water Conserv Manag 4:32–41. https://doi.org/10.26480/wcm.01.2020.32.41
Peyrache A, Rose C, Sicilia G (2020) Variable selection in data envelopment analysis. Eur J Oper Res 282:644–659. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2019.09.028
Purba YSBR, Puja IN, Sumarniasih MS (2021) Erosion prediction and conservation planning in the bubuh sub-watershed, bangli regency. In: Water Conserv. Manag. moz-extension://7844aed4-843d-1f46-84ca-695ddc6533e1/enhanced-reader.html?openApp & pdf=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.watconman.org%2Farchives-pdf%2F2wcm2020%2F2wcm2020-103-105.pdf. Accessed 12 May 2021
Sarker SA, Wang S, Mehedi Adnan KM, et al (2020) Economic viability and socio-environmental impacts of solar home systems for off-grid rural electrification in Bangladesh. Energies 13.3: 679
Sarraf F, Nejad SH (2020) Improving performance evaluation based on balanced scorecard with grey relational analysis and data envelopment analysis approaches: case study in water and wastewater companies. Eval Program Plann 79:101762. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2019.101762
Sun H, Awan RU, Nawaz MA, Mohsin M, Rasheed AK, Iqbal N (2020a) Assessing the socio-economic viability of solar commercialization and electrification in south Asian countries. Environ Dev Sustain 23:9875–9897. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-020-01038-9
Sun H, Pofoura AK, Adjei Mensah I, Li L, Mohsin M (2020b) The role of environmental entrepreneurship for sustainable development: evidence from 35 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. Sci Total Environ 741:140132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140132
Sun L, Cao X, Alharthi M, Zhang J, Taghizadeh-Hesary F, Mohsin M (2020c) Carbon emission transfer strategies in supply chain with lag time of emission reduction technologies and low-carbon preference of consumers. J Clean Prod 264:121664. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121664
Tehreem HS, Anser MK, Nassani AA, Abro MMQ, Zaman K (2020) Impact of average temperature, energy demand, sectoral value added, and population growth on water resource quality and mortality rate: it is time to stop waiting around. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27:37626–37644. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09822-w
Ullah H, Wang Z, Bashir S, Khan AR, Riaz M, Syed N (2021) Nexus between IT capability and green intellectual capital on sustainable businesses: Evidence from emerging economies. Environ Sci Pollut Res. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-12245-2
Wang Q, Chen X (2015) Energy policies for managing China’s carbon emission. Renew Sust Energ Rev 50:470–479
Wang Q, Han X (2021) Is decoupling embodied carbon emissions from economic output in Sino-US trade possible? Technol Forecast Soc Change 169:120805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120805
Wang Q, Jiang R (2019) Is China’s economic growth decoupled from carbon emissions? J Clean Prod 225:1194–1208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.03.301
Wang Q, Zhang F (2021) The effects of trade openness on decoupling carbon emissions from economic growth – evidence from 182 countries. J Clean Prod 279:123838. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123838
Wang Q, Su M, Li R (2018) Toward to economic growth without emission growth: the role of urbanization and industrialization in China and India. J Clean Prod 205:499–511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.09.034
Wang Q, Jiang R, Zhan L (2019a) Is decoupling economic growth from fuel consumption possible in developing countries? – A comparison of China and India. J Clean Prod 229:806–817. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.403
Wang Q, Su M, Li R, Ponce P (2019b) The effects of energy prices, urbanization and economic growth on energy consumption per capita in 186 countries. J Clean Prod 225:1017–1032. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.008
Wang N, Sun X, Zhao Q, Yang Y, Wang P (2020) Leachability and adverse effects of coal fly ash: a review. J Hazard Mater 396:122725. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122725
Xu X, Chen L (2019) Projection of long-term care costs in China, 2020-2050: based on the Bayesian quantile regression method. Sustain 11.13:3530https://doi.org/10.3390/su11133530
Xu Y, Chen Z, Peng MYP, Anser MK (2020) Enhancing consumer online purchase intention through gamification in China: perspective of cognitive evaluation theory. Front Psychol 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.581200
Yan Z, Zou B, Du K, Li K (2020) Do renewable energy technology innovations promote China’s green productivity growth? Fresh evidence from partially linear functional-coefficient models. Energy Econ 90:104842. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2020.104842
Yousaf S, Anser MK, Tariq M, Sahibzada Jawad SUR, Naushad S, Yousaf Z (2020) Does technology orientation predict firm performance through firm innovativeness? World J Entrep Manag Sustain Dev 17:140–151. https://doi.org/10.1108/WJEMSD-11-2019-0091
Yumei H, Iqbal W, Nurunnabi M, Abbas M, Jingde W, Chaudhry IS (2021) Nexus between corporate social responsibility and firm’s perceived performance: evidence from SME sector of developing economies. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28:2132–2145. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10415-w
Zhang B, Xu D, Liu Y, Li F, Cai J, du L (2016) Multi-scale evapotranspiration of summer maize and the controlling meteorological factors in north China. Agric For Meteorol 216:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.09.015
Zhang W, Hu Y, Liu J, Wang H, Wei J, Sun P, Wu L, Zheng H (2020) Progress of ethylene action mechanism and its application on plant type formation in crops. Saudi J Biol Sci 27:1667–1673. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.12.038
Zhang D, Mohsin M, Rasheed AK, Chang Y, Taghizadeh-Hesary F (2021a) Public spending and green economic growth in BRI region: mediating role of green finance. Energy Policy 153:112256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112256
Zhang Y, Abbas M, Koura YH, Su Y, Iqbal W (2021b) The impact trilemma of energy prices, taxation, and population on industrial and residential greenhouse gas emissions in Europe. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28:6913–6928
Zhao X, Gu B, Gao F, Chen S (2020) Matching model of energy supply and demand of the integrated energy system in coastal areas. J Coast Res 103:983–989. https://doi.org/10.2112/SI103-205.1
Zuo X, Dong M, Gao F, Tian S (2020) The modeling of the electric heating and cooling system of the integrated energy system in the coastal area. J Coast Res 103:1022–1029. https://doi.org/10.2112/SI103-213.1
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Muhammad Ghazanfar Abbas: conceptualization, data curation, methodology, writing—original draft. Wang Zhuquan: data curation, visualization, supervision. Hafeez Ullah: visualization, editing. Wasim Iqbal: review and editing. Hafeez Ullah: writing—review and editing, and software. Shahid Bashir: writing—review and editing.
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
Ethical approval and consent to participate
We declare that we have no human participants, human data, or human tissues.
Consent for publication
N/A
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Responsible Editor: Ilhan Ozturk
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Abbas, M.G., Wang, Z., Bashir, S. et al. Nexus between energy policy and environmental performance in China: The moderating role of green finance adopted firms. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 63263–63277 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15195-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15195-5