Abstract
The ubiquitous use of antibiotics leads exposure of these chemicals on non-target aquatic species, while the toxicity assays for these chemicals are time/labor consuming and expensive. Alternative approaches using primary cell cultures which retain the tissue functionality at its highest form have received global attention compared to cell lines. In the current study, the cytotoxic effects of two commonly used antibiotics from amphenicol (florfenicol) and macrolide (erythromycin) groups were evaluated on primary cell cultures of Unio crassus (mantle, digestive gland, gill, and gonad) and Cyprinus carpio (gill and liver) using MTT and Neutral Red assays. The highest cytotoxic effects were found on the mussel digestive gland and carp liver cells for florfenicol and erythromycin, while the lowest cytotoxic effects were found in mussel mantle cells for both drugs in the MTT test. In the NR test, the highest cytotoxic effects of erythromycin and florfenicol were found in the mussel gill, mantle, gonad, and carp gill cells; the lowest cytotoxic effect of erythromycin was found in the mussel digestive gland, while the lowest effect of florfenicol was found in the carp liver cells. The cytotoxicity of florfenicol was quite low for the carp liver, while the cytotoxicity of erythromycin was quite low in the mussel digestive tract. Thus, it was concluded that cells made from mussel tissues could be used in ecotoxicity tests, and sensitivity may vary according to the tissue.
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This study was supported by the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Ankara University. Pınar Arslan was supported by TÜBİTAK under the 2211- National Ph.D. Fellowship Programme 2015/1.
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PA, BYD, SCO, and OK performed the measurements, AF, PA, and BYD were involved in the planning and supervised the work; SCO and OK processed the experimental data, performed the analysis, drafted the manuscript, and designed the figures. OK and BYD performed the calculations. PA and SCO manufactured the samples; AF aided in interpreting the results and worked on the manuscript. All the authors discussed the results and commented on the manuscript.
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Arslan, P., Yurdakok-Dikmen, B., Ozeren, S.C. et al. In vitro effects of erythromycin and florfenicol on primary cell lines of Unio crassus and Cyprinus carpio. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 48408–48416 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14139-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14139-3