Abstract
Bioaerosols are emitted during the biological treatment of water, soil, and air pollutants. The elimination of these pollutants has become a priority due to their detrimental effects on human health. Advanced oxidation technologies have been used to control bioaerosol emissions specially to improve indoor air quality. This investigation was focused on evaluating the biofiltration of ethyl acetate vapors in terms of removal efficiency and bioaerosol emission. Also, a continuous photocatalytic process to inactivate bioaerosols emitted from the biofilter was assessed as a post-treatment. The photocatalysis was developed with ZnO and TiO2 immobilized onto Poraver glass beads. Flow cytometry (FC) coupled with fluorochromes was used to characterize and quantify bioaerosol emissions in terms of live, dead, and injured cells. Ethyl acetate removal efficiencies were maintained in a steady state with values of 100% under 60-g m−3 h−1 inlet load (IL). Biomass concentration in the biofilter reached values up to 228 mgbiomass gperlite−1 at day 56 of operation, but the spontaneous occurrence of predatory mites diminished biomass concentration by 33%. Bioaerosols emitted during the steady-state operation of the biofilter were composed mainly by bacteria (~ 94%) and in a less extent of fungal spores (0.29–6%). The most efficient photocatalytic system comprised TiO2/Poraver with 78% inactivation of bioaerosols during the first 2 h of the process, whereas the ZnO/Poraver system showed null activity (~ 0%) of inactivation. FC results show that the main mechanism of inactivation of TiO2/Poraver was cell death.
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Acknowledgments
The authors wish to thank IPICYT for the use of its facilities and the support (enterprise) of M.C. Ana Iris Peña Maldonado, LINAN technician, and Dr. Olga Araceli Patrón Soberano-DBM.
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This study was supported by CONACYT-GRANT CB-2014-01-239622.
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MVC and SA conceived the research and designed the experiments; MVC and KLVR performed the experiments. MVC, JOSL, KLVR, FPR, and SA performed the data analysis. The manuscript was drafted by MV and JOSL and revised by MVC, JOSL, FPR, and SA.
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Valdez-Castillo, M., Saucedo-Lucero, J.O., Villalobos-Romero, K.L. et al. Steady-state operation of a biofilter coupled with photocatalytic control of bacterial bioaerosol emissions. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 13970–13980 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11583-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11583-5