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Nephroprotective effect of ethanol extract and fractions of a sea lettuce, Ulva fasciata against cisplatin-induced kidney injury in rats

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Abstract

Cisplatin is widely used in anticancer therapy, but a substantial percentage of patients who receive the therapeutic dose of cisplatin develop nephrotoxicity. Hepatotoxicity may also develop after a single dose or low repeated doses of cisplatin. Ulva fasciata is an edible seaweed, commonly known as sea lettuces have also been shown various biological activities. In this study, ethanol extract and its solvent fractions (n-hexane and chloroform) of U. fasciata were given (orally) to different groups of rats for 10 days. Injury to the kidney was induced by administrating cisplatin, intraperitoneally (i.p.) to rats at a dose of 7 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) dissolved in 1 mL saline, at 5th day of the experiment. At 10th day rats were sacrificed and kidney parameters (creatinine, urea, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN)) and electrolyte balance (Ca++, Mg++, K+, and Na+) in serum were determined, while oxidative stress markers glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF α), and interleukin (IL-6) were determined in kidney tissues. Histological examination of the kidney was also performed to examine the changes in kidney tissues. Cisplatin caused adverse effects on blood parameters, antioxidants, and inflammatory markers with severe renal tubular injury in kidney tissues. Ethanol extract of U. fasciata and its fractions effectively improved these disorders and diminished the renal dysfunction. However, ethanol extract was found more effective in attenuating the adverse effect of cisplatin than its fractions. n-Hexane-soluble fraction that was subjected to GC-FID and GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of several compounds and some of them are new from this source. It could be concluded that the U. fasciata possesses nephroprotective effect and can attenuate cisplatin-induced renal dysfunction. Since U. fasciata is an edible seaweed, it may be used as a diet supplement.

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Acknowledgements

Support of Prof. Dr. Viqar Uddin Ahmad (now late), H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, for GC-MS analysis and Dr. Aisha Begum, Department of Botany, University of Karachi for seaweed identification are acknowledged.

Funding

Financial assistance provided by the Higher Education Commission, Pakistan (Grant # nrpu-4505) is sincerely acknowledged.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan

    Nida Sohail & Viqar Sultana

  2. Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan

    Khan Hira

  3. US-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Water, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro, 76062, Pakistan

    Junaid Ahmed Kori

  4. Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan

    Hafiza Farhat, Faizah Urooj & Syed Ehteshamul-Haque

  5. Euronano Diagnostics-Anatolia Geneworks, 225/1, PECHS, Block-2, Karachi, Pakistan

    Waqas Khan

  6. H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan

    Muhammad Shaiq Ali

Authors
  1. Nida Sohail
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  2. Khan Hira
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  3. Junaid Ahmed Kori
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  9. Syed Ehteshamul-Haque
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Contributions

NS and KH collected the seaweed, extracted and fractionated the extracts, and wrote the manuscript. Experiments on animal were conducted by NS and FU. Histopathology was carried out by NS and HK. Molecular work on anti-inflammatory cytokine was conducted by NS, JA, and WK. GC-MS profiling of n-hexane extract was done by NS, HF, and MSA. VS and SE helped in the seaweed collection, supervised research work, and improve the quality of final version of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Syed Ehteshamul-Haque.

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All experiments were conducted according to the rules of the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (IAEC), University of Karachi.

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Responsible Editor: Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim

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Sohail, N., Hira, K., Kori, J.A. et al. Nephroprotective effect of ethanol extract and fractions of a sea lettuce, Ulva fasciata against cisplatin-induced kidney injury in rats. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 9448–9461 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11321-x

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