Abstract
The reclamation of graywater for non-potable purposes has attained utmost importance, particularly in developing nations. The present research aimed to evaluate the optimal condition of electro-coagulation system in treatment of graywater and its reuse. Moreover, the study also evaluates the impact of major operating parameters on pollutant removal and anode dissolution. To achieve this, two-factor (voltage potential and time) and 5-level (− 1, − 0.5, 0, + 0.5, and + 1) full factorial design, based on response surface methodology (RSM) has been executed for the actual design. The data were acquired after conducting 20 experiments, as suggested by RSM (response surface methodology). Design Expert 12.0.8.0 software has been used to design mathematical model to obtain optimum condition (14 V and 47 min) at pH of 7.35, which provides experimental removal efficiency (75.6% chemical oxygen demand, 78.7% total dissolved solids, 93.4% turbidity, and 63.2% chloride) with minimal electrode consumption of 1.38 mg L−1. Adequacy of the model developed has been verified by ANOVA. The operating cost of treating graywater at the optimized condition obtained as 0.7 US$/kg COD.
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Acknowledgments
The authors are thankful to the Environmental Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Technology Hamirpur (India) for providing experimental facilities related to study. The authors would also like to thank the anonymous reviewers and editor for their positive criticism and valuable suggestions that have contributed to an improved manuscript.
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Highlights
• Using iron electrode in EC process results maximum 76.4% COD and 90.6% turbidity removal at optimum conditions.
• The optimal operating conditions for graywater treatment were 14 voltage, 7.35 pH, and 47 min of electro-coagulation.
• The ANOVA demonstrates the model F-value within the range, which points out that the considered model is statistically fit.
• The values of the chosen responses were deemed significant, because the experimental results are below 5% of the predicted results.
• The operating cost of treating graywater at the optimized condition was 0.7 US$/kg COD and can be reused for non-potable purposes.
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Bajpai, M., Singh Katoch, S. & Singh, M. Optimization and economical study of electro-coagulation unit using CCD to treat real graywater and its reuse potential. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27, 42040–42050 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10171-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10171-x