Abstract
The ecological toxicity and potential risks of heavy metals that coexist with nitrates in wastewater have aroused public attention. This study developed an immobilized Fe3O4@Cu/PVA mixotrophic reactor (Fe3O4@Cu/PVA-IMR) to investigate the effect of different Mn (II) concentrations (10 mg L−1, 50 mg L−1, and 90 mg L−1), Cd (II) concentrations (10 mg L−1, 20 mg L−1, and 30 mg L−1), and hydraulic retention time (HRT) (6 h, 8 h, and 10 h) on simultaneous nitrate, Cd (II), and Mn (II) removal. Using the advanced modified biomaterial Fe3O4@Cu/PVA as carrier to embed bacteria, the performance of the reactor was further improved. The surface morphology of Fe3O4@Cu/PVA was characterized by SEM as a rough surface three-dimensional skeleton structure. When the HRT was 10 h, Mn (II) and Cd (II) concentrations were 40 mg L−1 and 10 mg L−1, respectively, indicating that the immobilized Pseudomonas sp. H117 with Fe3O4@Cu/PVA achieved the highest nitrate, Cd (II), and Mn (II) removal efficiencies of 100% (1.64 mg L−1 h−1), 98.90% (0.92 mg L−1 h−1), and 92.26% (3.58 mg L−1 h−1), respectively. Compared with a reactor without Fe3O4@Cu/PVA addition, the corresponding removal ratio increased by 22.63%, 7.09%, and 15.96%. Gas chromatography (GC) identified nitrogen as the main gaseous product. Moreover, high-throughput sequencing showed that Pseudomonas sp. H117 plays a primary role in the denitrification process.
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Abbreviations
- HRT:
-
hydraulic retention time
- SEM:
-
scanning Electron Microscopy
- TOC:
-
total organic carbon
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Funding
This research work was partly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (No. 51678471, No. 51978556), Shaanxi Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (No. 2019JC-31), and The Key Research and Development Program in Shaanxi Province (2018ZDXM-SF-029).
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Su, J., Fan, Y., Huang, T. et al. Modified PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) biomaterials as carriers for simultaneous removal of nitrate, Cd (II), and Mn (II): performance and microbial community. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27, 28348–28359 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09114-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09114-3