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Evaluation of Ocotea puberula bark powder (OPBP) as an effective adsorbent to uptake crystal violet from colored effluents: alternative kinetic approaches

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Abstract

The Ocotea puberula bark powder (OPBP) was evaluated as an effective adsorbent for the removal of crystal violet (CV) from colored effluents. OPBP was characterized and presented a surface with large cavities, organized as a honeycomb. The main functional groups of OPBP were O-H, N-H, C=O, and C-O-C. The adsorption of CV on OPBP was favorable at pH 9 with a dosage of 0.75 g L−1. The Avrami model was the most suitable to represent the adsorption kinetic profile, being the estimated equilibrium concentration value of 3.37 mg L−1 for an initial concentration of 50 mg L−1 (CV removal of 93.3%). The equilibrium was reached within 90 min. The data were better described by the Langmuir isotherm, reaching a maximum adsorption capacity of 444.34 mg g−1 at 328 K. The Gibbs free energy ranged from − 26.3554 to − 27.8055 kJ mol−1, and the enthalpy variation was − 11.1519 kJ mol−1. The external mass transfer was the rate-limiting step, with Biot numbers ranging from 0.0011 to 0.25. Lastly, OPBP application for the treatment of two different simulated effluents was effective, achieving a removal percentage of 90%.

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Abbreviations

C 0 :

initial CV concentration in bulk solution (mg L−1)

C e, 1 :

predicted equilibrium concentration by pseudo-first-order model (mg L−1)

C e, 2 :

predicted equilibrium concentration by the pseudo-second order (mg L−1)

C e, A :

predicted equilibrium concentration by the Avrami model (mg L−1)

C e, n :

predicted equilibrium concentration by the general-order model (mg L−1)

C e :

CV concentration in bulk solution at equilibrium (mg L−1)

C t :

CV concentration in bulk solution at any time (mg L−1)

D AB :

CV diffusion coefficient at infinite dilution (cm2 s−1)

D o :

mass of adsorbent per volume of solution (g L−1)

D p :

effective pore volume diffusion coefficient (cm2 s−1)

D S :

surface diffusion coefficient (cm2 s−1)

k 1 :

kinetic constant for the pseudo-first order (min−1)

k 2 :

kinetic constant for the pseudo-second order (g mg−1 min−1)

k A :

kinetic constant for the Avrami model (min−1)

K e :

equilibrium constant, dimensionless

K F :

Freundlich parameter (mg g−1 (mg L−1)−1/n)

K L :

Langmuir parameter (L mg−1)

k Loe :

kinetic constant for the Loebenstein model (L mg−1 min−1)

k n :

kinetic constant for the general rate order (min−1 (g mg−1)n-1)

K S :

Sips parameter ((L mg−1)nS)

k WB :

kinetic constant of the Weber-Miller model (L mg−1 min−1)

M B :

molar mass of water (g mol−1)

nf-1 :

heterogeneity factor, dimensionless

N F :

number of transfer units for external mass transfer (s−1)

N int :

number of transfer unit for internal mass transfer (s−1)

N L :

number of transfer units for lumped kinetics, dimensionless

N p :

number of transfer units for pore diffusion (s−1)

N S :

number of transfer units for the surface diffusion (s−1)

q e :

mass of CV adsorbed at the equilibrium (mg g−1)

q exp :

experimental mass of CV adsorbed at the equilibrium (mg g−1)

q L :

maximum adsorption capacity from the Langmuir model (mg g−1)

q S :

maximum adsorption capacity from the Sips model (mg g−1)

q t :

mass of CV adsorbed per gram of adsorbent at any time (mg g−1)

ARE:

average relative error (%)

d p :

average adsorbent diameter (μm)

K :

constant parameter from the most suitable isotherm fit (L mg−1)

MW :

molar mass of CV (g mol−1)

n :

number of experimental values, dimensionless

p :

number of parameters of the model

R :

universal gas constant (8.31 × 10−3 kJ mol−1 K−1)

R 2 :

determination coefficient, dimensionless

R 2 adj :

adjusted determination coefficient, dimensionless

S :

external surface area per mass of adsorbent (cm2 g−1)

SSE:

sum of squared errors

T :

temperature of the solution (K)

V :

solution volume (L)

V A :

molar volume of CV (cm3 mol−1)

V p :

pore volume of adsorbent (cm3 g−1)

x :

association parameter of water, dimensionless

y exp :

experimental data

y pred :

predicted data

α :

initial adsorption rate for the Elovich model (mg g−1 min−1)

β :

desorption constant for the Elovich model (g mg−1)

γ :

unitary activity coefficient of CV (1 mol L−1)

γ CV :

activity coefficient of CV in solution, 1 dimensionless

ε :

void fraction, dimensionless

∆G 0 :

standard Gibbs free energy change (kJ mol−1)

∆H 0 :

standard enthalpy change (kJ mol−1)

∆S 0 :

standard entropy change (kJ mol−1 K−1)

η :

Weber-Miller constant (mg L−1)

η B :

water viscosity (cp)

φ :

Weber-Miller constant (mg L−1)

ρ p :

apparent density of the adsorbent (g L−1)

ρ s :

density of the adsorbent (g L−1)

τ :

tortuosity factor, dimensionless

ω :

Loebenstein constant, dimensionless

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Maria-UFSM, 1000, Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil

    Jordana Georgin, Dison S. P. Franco, Matias Schadeck Netto & Guilherme L. Dotto

  2. Sanitary and Environmental Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 97105-900, Brazil

    Jordana Georgin & Daniel Allasia

  3. Department of Civil and Envirronmental, Universidad De La Costa, Calle 58 #55-66, Barranquilla, Atlántico, 080002, Colombia

    Marcos L. S. Oliveira

  4. Faculdade Meridional IMED, 304, Passo Fundo, RS, 99070-220, Brazil

    Marcos L. S. Oliveira

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  1. Jordana Georgin
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  2. Dison S. P. Franco
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  3. Matias Schadeck Netto
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  4. Daniel Allasia
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  5. Marcos L. S. Oliveira
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  6. Guilherme L. Dotto
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Correspondence to Marcos L. S. Oliveira or Guilherme L. Dotto.

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Georgin, J., Franco, D.S.P., Netto, M.S. et al. Evaluation of Ocotea puberula bark powder (OPBP) as an effective adsorbent to uptake crystal violet from colored effluents: alternative kinetic approaches. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27, 25727–25739 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-08854-6

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