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The prevalence of Campylobacter species in broiler flocks and their environment: assessing the efficiency of chitosan/zinc oxide nanocomposite for adopting control strategy

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Abstract

There is a growing trend to implement biosecurity measures in small commercial broiler flocks and trying to replace ineffective antimicrobial with alternative materials to interevent a strategy for the control of Campylobacter bacteria in these farms. This study was designed to determine the prevalence rate of Campylobacter spp. in broiler flocks and their environment. Thereafter, assess the efficiency of chitosan, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), and chitosan/ZnO NPs composite against Campylobacter strains to adopt a novel control strategy based on the ability to use those nanocomposites. A total of 220 samples were collected from broiler flocks, their environment, and farm attendants that direct contact with birds. All samples were subjected to microbiological investigation for isolation, then molecular identification of bacteria using PCR. ZnO NPs and chitosan/ZnO NPs composite were synthesized then characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR), and X-ray diffraction (X-RD). The efficiency of testing compounds was examined against 30 strains of Campylobacter coli (C. coli) to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The highest percentages of C. coli were isolated from the manure storage area, and broiler litter followed by flies, and feeders (66.7, 53.3, 40.0, and 33.3%, respectively). Both chitosan/ZnO NPs and ZnO NPs at a concentration of 0.5 μg/mL and 1.5 μg/mL, respectively showed complete efficiency (100%) against C. coli compared with chitosan compound. In conclusion, manure storage area and broiler litter represented the main reservoir of Campylobacter bacterial contaminant followed by flies in broiler poultry farms. Chitosan/ZnO NPs composite can be used in any biosecurity program of poultry farms as an alternative to ineffective antimicrobial agents.

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Acknowledgments

All thanks and appreciation to the workers of broiler poultry farms for their contribution in the samples collected during the study period.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Hygiene, Zoonoses and Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt

    Asmaa Nady Mohammed & Sahar Abdel Aleem Abdel Aziz

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  1. Asmaa Nady Mohammed
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  2. Sahar Abdel Aleem Abdel Aziz
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Correspondence to Asmaa Nady Mohammed.

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The protocol of study was in accordance with the ethical standards of Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC), and Institutional Review Board (IRB, Ref. No: IORG 0009255), Beni-Suef University.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Mohammed, A.N., Abdel Aziz, S.A.A. The prevalence of Campylobacter species in broiler flocks and their environment: assessing the efficiency of chitosan/zinc oxide nanocomposite for adopting control strategy. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26, 30177–30187 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06030-z

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