Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Concentration, spatiotemporal distribution, and sources of mercury in Mt. Yulong, a remote site in southeastern Tibetan Plateau

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Environmental Science and Pollution Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The unique geographic location of Mt. Yulong in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) makes it a favorable site for mercury (Hg) study. Various snow samples, such as surface snow, snow pit, and snowmelt water were collected from Mt. Yulong in the southeastern TP. The average concentration of Hg was found to be 37 ± 26 ng L−1 (mean ± SD), comparable to Hg concentration from other parts of TP in the same year, though it was comparatively higher than those from previous years, suggesting a possible increase of Hg concentration over the TP. The concentration of Hg was higher in the lower elevation of the glaciers possibly due to the surface melting concentration of particulates. Higher concentration of Hg was observed in the fresh snow, suggesting the possibility of long-range transportation. The average concentration of Hg from the snow pit was 1.49 ± 0.78 ng L−1, and the concentration of Hg in the vertical profile of the snow pit co-varied with calcium ion (Ca2+) supporting the fact that the portion of Hg is from the crustal origin. In addition, the principal component analysis (PCA) confirmed that the source of Hg is from the crustal origin; however, the presence of anthropogenic source in the Mt. Yulong was also observed. In surface water around Mt. Yulong, the concentration of HgT was found in the order of Lashihai Lake > Reservoirs > Rivers > Swamps > Luguhu Lake. In lake water, the concentration of HgT showed an increasing trend with depth. Overall, the increased concentration of Hg in recent years from the TP can be of concern and may have an adverse impact on the downstream ecosystem, wildlife, and human health.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Beal SA, Osterberg EC, Zdanowicz CM, Fisher DA (2015) Ice core perspective on mercury pollution during the past 600 years. Environ Sci Technol 49:7641–7647

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bowles KC, Apte SC, Maher WA, Blühdorn DR (2003) Mercury cycling in Lake Gordon and Lake Pedder, Tasmania (Australia). II: catchment processes. Water Air Soil Pollut 147:25–38

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carrico CM, Bergin MH, Shrestha AB, Dibb JE, Gomes L, Harris JM (2003) The importance of carbon and mineral dust to seasonal aerosol properties in the Nepal Himalaya. Atmos Environ 37:2811–2824

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen D, Xu B, Yao T, Guo Z, Cui P, Chen F, Zhang R, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Fan J (2015) Assessment of past, present and future environmental changes on the Tibetan Plateau. Chin Sci Bull 60:3025–3035

    Google Scholar 

  • Dove A, Hill B, Klawunn P, Waltho J, Backus S, McCrea R (2012) Spatial distribution and trends of total mercury in waters of the Great Lakes and connecting channels using an improved sampling technique. Environ Pollut 161:328–334

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Du J, He Y, Li S, Wang S, Niu H, Xin H, Pu T (2013) Mass balance and near-surface ice temperature structure of Baishui Glacier No. 1 in Mt. Yulong. J Geogr Sci 23:668–678

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fang X, Han Y, Ma J, Song L, Yang S, Zhang X (2004) Dust storms and loess accumulation on the Tibetan Plateau: a case study of dust event on 4 March 2003 in Lhasa. Chin Sci Bull 49:953–960

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ferrari CP, Dommergue A, Veysseyre A, Planchon F, Boutron CF (2002) Mercury speciation in the French seasonal snow cover. Sci Total Environ 287:61–69

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fisher JA, Jacob DJ, Soerensen AL, Amos HM, Steffen A, Sunderland EM (2012) Riverine source of Arctic Ocean mercury inferred from atmospheric observations. Nat Geosci 5:499–504

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fitzgerald WF (1999) Clean hands, dirty hands: Clair Patterson and the aquatic biogeochemistry of mercury. Clean Hands: Clair Patterson’s Crusade Against Environmental Lead Contamination, 119–137

  • Fitzgerald WF, Watras CJ (1989) Mercury in surficial waters of rural Wisconsin lakes. Sci Total Environ 87:223–232

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fitzgerald WF, Engstrom DR, Mason RP, Nater EA (1998) The case for atmospheric mercury contamination in remote areas. Environ Sci Technol 32:1–7

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guo J, Kang S, Huang J, Zhang Q, Rupakheti M, Sun S, Tripathee L, Rupakheti D, Panday AK, Sillanpää M (2017) Characterizations of atmospheric particulate-bound mercury in the Kathmandu Valley of Nepal, South Asia. Sci Total Environ 579:1240–1248

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • He Y, Zhang Z, Theakstone WH, Chen T, Yao T, Pang H (2003) Changing features of the climate and glaciers in China’s monsoonal temperate glacier region. J Geophys Res-Atmos 108

  • He Y, Theakstone WH, Zhonglin Z, Dian Z, Tandong Y, Tuo C, Yongping S, Hongxi P (2004) Asynchronous Holocene climatic change across China. Quat Res 61:52–63

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang J, Minnis P, Yi Y, Tang Q, Wang X, Hu Y, Liu Z, Ayers K, Trepte C, Winker D (2007) Summer dust aerosols detected from CALIPSO over the Tibetan Plateau. Geophys Res Lett 34

  • Huang J, Kang S, Guo J, Zhang Q, Xu J, Jenkins MG, Zhang G, Wang K (2012a) Seasonal variations, speciation and possible sources of mercury in the snowpack of Zhadang glacier, Mt. Nyainqêntanglha, southern Tibetan Plateau. Sci Total Environ 429:223–230

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang J, Kang S, Zhang Q, Jenkins MG, Guo J, Zhang G, Wang K (2012b) Spatial distribution and magnification processes of mercury in snow from high-elevation glaciers in the Tibetan Plateau. Atmos Environ 46:140–146

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang J, Kang S, Zhang Q, Yan H, Guo J, Jenkins MG, Zhang G, Wang K (2012c) Wet deposition of mercury at a remote site in the Tibetan Plateau: concentrations, speciation, and fluxes. Atmos Environ 62:540–550

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang J, Kang S, Guo J, Sillanpää M, Zhang Q, Qin X, Du W, Tripathee L (2014) Mercury distribution and variation on a high-elevation mountain glacier on the northern boundary of the Tibetan Plateau. Atmos Environ 96:27–36

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang J, Kang S, Zhang Q, Guo J, Sillanpää M, Wang Y, Sun S, Sun X, Tripathee L (2015) Characterizations of wet mercury deposition on a remote high-elevation site in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. Environ Pollut 206:518–526

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang J, Kang S, Tian L, Guo J, Zhang Q, Cong Z, Sillanpää M, Sun S, Tripathee L (2016) Influence of long-range transboundary transport on atmospheric water vapor mercury collected at the largest city of Tibet. Sci Total Environ

  • Immerzeel WW, Van Beek LP, Bierkens MF (2010) Climate change will affect the Asian water towers. Science 328:1382–1385

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kang S, Zhang Q, Kaspari S, Qin D, Cong Z, Ren J, Mayewski PA (2007) Spatial and seasonal variations of elemental composition in Mt. Everest (Qomolangma) snow/firn. Atmos Environ 41:7208–7218

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kang S, Xu Y, You Q, Flügel W-A, Pepin N, Yao T (2010) Review of climate and cryospheric change in the Tibetan Plateau. Environ Res Lett 5:015101

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kang S, Wang F, Morgenstern U, Zhang Y, Grigholm B, Kaspari S, Schwikowski M, Ren J, Yao T, Qin D (2015) Dramatic loss of glacier accumulation area on the Tibetan Plateau revealed by ice core tritium and mercury records. Cryosphere 9:1213–1222

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kang S, Huang J, Wang F, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Li C, Wang L, Chen P, Sharma CM, Li Q (2016) Atmospheric mercury depositional chronology reconstructed from lake sediments and ice core in the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau. Environ Sci Technol 50:2859–2869

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kikuchi T, Furuichi T, Hai HT, Tanaka S (2009) Assessment of heavy metal pollution in river water of Hanoi, Vietnam using multivariate analyses. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 83:575–582

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lahoutifard N, Sparling M, Lean D (2005) Total and methyl mercury patterns in Arctic snow during springtime at Resolute, Nunavut, Canada. Atmos Environ 39:7597–7606

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li C, Kang S, Shi G, Huang J, Ding M, Zhang Q, Zhang L, Guo J, Xiao C, Hou S (2014) Spatial and temporal variations of total mercury in Antarctic snow along the transect from Zhongshan Station to Dome A. Tellus Ser B Chem Phys Meteorol 66:25152

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li C, Zhang Q, Kang S, Liu Y, Huang J, Liu X, Guo J, Wang K, Cong Z (2015) Distribution and enrichment of mercury in Tibetan lake waters and their relations with the natural environment. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22:12490–12500

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li X, Kang S, Zhang G, Qu B, Tripathee L, Paudyal R, Jing Z, Zhang Y, Yan F, Li G (2018) Light-absorbing impurities in a southern Tibetan Plateau glacier: variations and potential impact on snow albedo and radiative forcing. Atmos Res 200:77–87

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Loewen M, Kang S, Armstrong D, Zhang Q, Tomy G, Wang F (2007) Atmospheric transport of mercury to the Tibetan Plateau. Environ Sci Technol 41:7632–7638

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lüthi Z, Škerlak B, Kim S, Lauer A, Mues A, Rupakheti M, Kang S (2015) Atmospheric brown clouds reach the Tibetan Plateau by crossing the Himalayas. Atmos Chem Phys 15:1–15

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mann JL, Long SE, Shuman CA, Kelly WR (2005) Determination of mercury content in a shallow firn core from Greenland by isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Water Air Soil Pollut 163:19–32

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mohan M, Omana P (2008) Mercury pollution in Vembanadu Lake and adjoining Muvattupuzha River, Kerala, India, monitoring and modelling lakes and coastal environments. Springer, pp 43–49

  • Murphy D, Thomson D, Mahoney M (1998) In situ measurements of organics, meteoritic material, mercury, and other elements in aerosols at 5 to 19 kilometers. Science 282:1664–1669

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen H, Leermakers M, Kurunczi S, Bozo L, Baeyens W (2005) Mercury distribution and speciation in Lake Balaton, Hungary. Sci Total Environ 340:231–246

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Niu H, He Y, Zhu G, Xin H, Du J, Pu T, Lu X, Zhao G (2013) Environmental implications of the snow chemistry from Mt. Yulong, southeastern Tibetan Plateau. Quat Int 313:168–178

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Niu H, He Y, Lu XX, Shen J, Du J, Zhang T, Pu T, Xin H, Chang L (2014) Chemical composition of rainwater in the Yulong Snow Mountain region, Southwestern China. Atmos Res 144:195–206

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Niu H, Kang S, Shi X, He Y, Lu X, Shi X, Paudyal R, Du J, Wang S, Du J (2017a) Water-soluble elements in snow and ice on Mt. Yulong. Sci Total Environ 574:889–900

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Niu H, Kang S, Shi X, Paudyal R, He Y, Li G, Wang S, Pu T, Shi X (2017b) In-situ measurements of light-absorbing impurities in snow of glacier on Mt. Yulong and implications for radiative forcing estimates. Sci Total Environ 581:848–856

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Obrist D, Tas E, Peleg M, Matveev V, Faïn X, Asaf D, Luria M (2011) Bromine-induced oxidation of mercury in the mid-latitude atmosphere. Nat Geosci 4:22–26

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pang H, He Y, Theakstone WH, Zhang DD (2007) Soluble ionic and oxygen isotopic compositions of a shallow firn profile, Baishui Glacier No. 1, southeastern Tibetan Plateau. Ann Glaciol 46:325–330

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paudyal R, Kang S, Sharma CM, Tripathee L, Huang J, Rupakheti D, Sillanpää M (2016a) Major ions and trace elements of two selected rivers near Everest region, southern Himalayas, Nepal. Environ Earth Sci 75:46

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paudyal R, Kang S, Sharma CM, Tripathee L, Sillanpää M (2016b) Variations of the physicochemical parameters and metal levels and their risk assessment in urbanized Bagmati River, Kathmandu, Nepal. J Chem 2016

  • Paudyal R, Kang S, Huang J, Tripathee L, Zhang Q, Li X, Guo J, Sun S, He X, Sillanpää M (2017) Insights into mercury deposition and spatiotemporal variation in the glacier and melt water from the central Tibetan Plateau. Sci Total Environ 599:2046–2053

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rigét F, Tamstorf MP, Larsen MM, Søndergaard J, Asmund G, Falk JM, Sigsgaard C (2011) Mercury (Hg) transport in a high Arctic river in Northeast Greenland. Water Air Soil Pollut 222:233–242

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rutter AP, Schauer JJ (2007) The effect of temperature on the gas–particle partitioning of reactive mercury in atmospheric aerosols. Atmos Environ 41:8647–8657

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma CM, Kang S, Sillanpää M, Li Q, Zhang Q, Huang J, Tripathee L, Sharma S, Paudyal R (2015) Mercury and selected trace elements from a remote (Gosainkunda) and an urban (Phewa) lake waters of Nepal. Water Air Soil Pollut 226:6

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Søndergaard J, Tamstorf M, Elberling B, Larsen MM, Mylius MR, Lund M, Abermann J, Rigét F (2015) Mercury exports from a High-Arctic river basin in Northeast Greenland (74 N) largely controlled by glacial lake outburst floods. Sci Total Environ 514:83–91

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steffen A, Douglas T, Amyot M, Ariya P, Aspmo K, Berg T, Bottenheim J, Brooks S, Cobbett F, Dastoor A (2008) A synthesis of atmospheric mercury depletion event chemistry in the atmosphere and snow. Atmos Chem Phys 8:1445–1482

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Streets DG, Zhang Q, Wu Y (2009) Projections of global mercury emissions in 2050. Environ Sci Technol 43:2983–2988

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sun S, Kang S, Huang J, Li C, Guo J, Zhang Q, Sun X, Tripathee L (2016) Distribution and transportation of mercury from glacier to lake in the Qiangyong Glacier Basin, southern Tibetan Plateau, China. J Environ Sci 44:213–223

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sun X, Wang K, Kang S, Guo J, Zhang G, Huang J, Cong Z, Sun S, Zhang Q (2017) The role of melting alpine glaciers in mercury export and transport: an intensive sampling campaign in the Qugaqie Basin, inland Tibetan Plateau. Environ Pollut 220:936–945

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sun S, Kang S, Guo J, Zhang Q, Paudyal R, Sun X, Qin D (2018a) Insights into mercury in glacier snow and its incorporation into meltwater runoff based on observations in the southern Tibetan Plateau. J Environ Sci 68:130–142

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sun X, Zhang Q, Kang S, Guo J, Li X, Yu Z, Zhang G, Qu D, Huang J, Cong Z (2018b) Mercury speciation and distribution in a glacierized mountain environment and their relevance to environmental risks in the inland Tibetan Plateau. Sci Total Environ 631:270–278

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Swartzendruber PC, Jaffe DA, Prestbo E, Weiss-Penzias P, Selin NE, Park R, Jacob DJ, Strode S, Jaegle L (2006) Observations of reactive gaseous mercury in the free troposphere at the mount bachelor observatory. J Geophys Res-Atmos 111

  • Tripathee L, Kang S, Huang J, Sillanpää M, Sharma CM, Lüthi ZL, Guo J, Paudyal R (2014) Ionic composition of wet precipitation over the southern slope of central Himalayas, Nepal. Environ Sci Pollut Res 21:2677–2687

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tripathee L, Kang S, Sharma CM, Rupakheti D, Paudyal R, Huang J, Sillanpää M (2016) Preliminary health risk assessment of potentially toxic metals in surface water of the Himalayan Rivers, Nepal. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 97:855–862

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tripathee L, Kang S, Rupakheti D, Cong Z, Zhang Q, Huang J (2017) Chemical characteristics of soluble aerosols over the central Himalayas: insights into spatiotemporal variations and sources. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 24(31):24454–24472

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tripathee L, Guo J, Kang S, Paudyal R, Huang J, Sharma CM, Zhang Q, Chen P, Ghimire PS, Sigdel M (2019) Spatial and temporal distribution of total mercury in atmospheric wet precipitation at four sites from the Nepal-Himalayas. Sci Total Environ 655:1207–1217

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • UNEP (2013) Global mercury assessment: sources, emissions, releases and environmental transport, Geneva, Switzerland 42

  • Vukosav P, Mlakar M, Cukrov N, Kwokal Ž, Pižeta I, Pavlus N, Špoljarić I, Vurnek M, Brozinčević A, Omanović D (2014) Heavy metal contents in water, sediment and fish in a karst aquatic ecosystem of the Plitvice Lakes National Park (Croatia). Environ Sci Pollut Res 21:3826–3839

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wake CP, Mayewski PA, Spencer MJ (1990) A review of central Asian glaciochemical data. Ann Glaciol 14:301–306

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang X, Zhong X, Liu S, Liu J, Wang Z, Li M (2008) Regional assessment of environmental vulnerability in the Tibetan Plateau: development and application of a new method. J Arid Environ 72:1929–1939

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang K, Kang S, Guo J, Zhang Q, Huang J, Zheng W (2012a) Spatial and temporal distribution of total mercury (T-Hg) in different water bodies of Nam Co, Tibetan Plateau. Environ Sci 33:2288–2294

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang S, Xing D, Jia Y, Li B, Wang K (2012b) The distribution of total mercury and methyl mercury in a shallow hypereutrophic lake (Lake Taihu) in two seasons. Appl Geochem 27:343–351

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Watras C, Bloom N, Claas S, Morrison K, Gilmour C, Craig S (1995) Methylmercury production in the anoxic hypolimnion of a dimictic seepage lake. Water Air Soil Pollut 80:735–745

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang K, Wu H, Qin J, Lin C, Tang W, Chen Y (2014) Recent climate changes over the Tibetan Plateau and their impacts on energy and water cycle: a review. Glob Planet Chang 112:79–91

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Q, Kang S, Cong Z, Hou S, Liu Y (2008) Elemental composition in surface snow from the ultra-high elevation area of Mt. Qomolangma (Everest). Chin Sci Bull 53:289–294

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang N, Cao J, Ho K, He Y (2012a) Chemical characterization of aerosol collected at Mt. Yulong in wintertime on the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. Atmos Res 107:76–85

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Q, Huang J, Wang F, Mark L, Xu J, Armstrong D, Li C, Zhang Y, Kang S (2012b) Mercury distribution and deposition in glacier snow over western China. Environ Sci Technol 46:5404–5413

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu G, Pu T, He Y, Shi P, Zhang T (2013) Seasonal variations of major ions in fresh snow at Baishui Glacier No. 1, Yulong Mountain, China. Environ Earth Sci 69:1–10

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The author would like to thank the field staff for their diligent and excellent collaborative work. The authors are also grateful to everyone who has been directly or indirectly involved in this study.

Funding

This work was supported by Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of 522 Sciences, Pan-Third Pole Environment Study for a Green Silk Road (Pan-TPE) (XDA20040501), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41630754, 41671074), and the Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (SKLCS-ZZ-2018)

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Donggang West Rd. 320, Lanzhou, 730000, China

    Rukumesh Paudyal, Shichang Kang, Lekhendra Tripathee, Junming Guo, Chhatra Mani Sharma, Hewen Niu, Shiwei Sun & Tao Pu

  2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Rukumesh Paudyal & Shiwei Sun

  3. Himalayan Environment Research Institute (HERI), Kathmandu, Nepal

    Rukumesh Paudyal, Lekhendra Tripathee & Chhatra Mani Sharma

  4. CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China

    Shichang Kang & Jie Huang

  5. Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China

    Shichang Kang & Jie Huang

  6. Central Department of Environmental Science, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal

    Chhatra Mani Sharma

  7. Yulong Snow Mountain Glacier and Environmental Observation Research Station, State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Lanzhou, 730000, China

    Hewen Niu

Authors
  1. Rukumesh Paudyal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Shichang Kang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Lekhendra Tripathee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Junming Guo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Chhatra Mani Sharma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Jie Huang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Hewen Niu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Shiwei Sun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Tao Pu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shichang Kang.

Additional information

Responsible editor: Severine Le Faucheur

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Electronic supplementary material

ESM 1

(DOCX 313 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Paudyal, R., Kang, S., Tripathee, L. et al. Concentration, spatiotemporal distribution, and sources of mercury in Mt. Yulong, a remote site in southeastern Tibetan Plateau. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26, 16457–16469 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05005-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05005-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation