Abstract
The present study was conducted on soft drink industry with the objective to reduce wastewater pollution through end-of-pipe treatment and controlling energy loss through steam pipeline insulation approach. For this purpose, the main operation and manufacturing steps were examined. Wastewater was analyzed for 10 physicochemical parameters. Among these parameters, total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were above their permissible level of Pakistan national environmental quality standards (Pak NEQS). For wastewater treatment, sedimentation, flocculation, coagulation and adsorption were tested. The active study reduces the pollution load up to 48%. After treatment, all the parameters were below the Pak NEQS level. To reduce the energy loss and economic benefits, the steam pipeline system was galvanized using glass wool, sheet and paper. Through galvanizing, 91.4% of energy was recovered and reduced an extra cost of 91.5%. The net saving of energy and cost are 312 GJ and114098 Rs/year, respectively. The study recommends end off pipe treatment and insulation of bare pipeline system for soft drink industries.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ahmaruzzaman M (2011) Industrial wastes as low-cost potential adsorbents for the treatment of wastewater laden with heavy metals. Adv Colloid Interf Sci 166:36–59
Arnold EC, Lenore S, Greenberg AD (1996) Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater APHA. AWWA and WPCF, Washington DC
Assirati D (2005) Disinfection of Municipal Wastewater with Ozone for Agricultural Use Master diss, The State University of Campinas (UNICAMP)
Aziz J (2005) Management of source and drinking-water quality in Pakistan
Aziz HA, Adlan MN, Ariffin KS (2008) Heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cu and Cr (III)) removal from water in Malaysia: post treatment by high quality limestone. Bioresour Technol 99:1578–1583
Azizullah A, Khattak MNK, Richter P, Häder D-P (2011) Water pollution in Pakistan and its impact on public health—a review. Environ Int 37:479–497
Bejan A (2002) Fundamentals of exergy analysis, entropy generation minimization, and the generation of flow architecture. Int J Energy Res 26:0–43
Berardi U (2017) A cross-country comparison of the building energy consumptions and their trends. Resour Conserv Recycl 123:230–241
Çomaklı K, Yüksel B, Çomaklı Ö (2004) Evaluation of energy and exergy losses in district heating network. Appl Therm Eng 24:1009–1017
Fillaudeau L, Blanpain-Avet P, Daufin G (2006) Water, wastewater and waste management in brewing industries. J Clean Prod 14:463–471
Hashmi I, Farooq S, Qaiser S (2009) Chlorination and water quality monitoring within a public drinking water supply in Rawalpindi Cantt (Westridge and Tench) area, Pakistan. Environ Monit Assess 158:393–403
Hlebnikov A, Siirde A (2008) The major characteristic parameters of the Estonian district heating networks and their efficiency increasing potential energetika
Hussain R, Sattar S, Khan MH, Nafees M (2013) Low cost wastewater treatment at beverage industry, Hattar Industrial Estate, Pakistan-A Case Study. Int J Environ Prot 3:23
Hussain R, Ahmad W, Nafees M, Hussain A (2014) Optimization of wastewater treatment process in industry “A case study of Hattar Industrial Estate Haripur”. Pak J Anal and Environ Chem 15(1):28–34
Hussain R, Khattak SA, Shah MT, Ali L (2015) Multistatistical approaches for environmental geochemical assessment of pollutants in soils of Gadoon Amazai Industrial Estate, Pakistan. J Soils Sediments 15:1119–1129
Idris M, Kolo B, Garba S, Ismail M (2013) Physico-chemical analysis of pharmaceutical effluent and surface water of River Gorax in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria. Bull Environ Pharmcol & Life Sci 2:45–49
Ilyas A, Sarwar T (2003) Study of trace elements in drinking water in the vicinity of Palosi drain, Peshawar. Pak J Biol Sci 6:86–91
Ipeaiyeda AR, Onianwa PC (2011) Pollution effect of food and beverages effluents on the Alaro river in Ibadan City, Nigeria Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia 25 doi:https://doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v25i3.68587
Kanu I, Achi O (2011) Industrial effluents and their impact on water quality of receiving rivers in Nigeria. Journal of applied technology in environmental sanitation 1:75–86
Kaynakli O (2014) Economic thermal insulation thickness for pipes and ducts: a review study. Renew Sust Energ Rev 30:184–194
Kokkolaras M, Audet C, Dennis JE (2001) Mixed variable optimization of the number and composition of heat intercepts in a thermal insulation system. Optim Eng 2:5–29
Kozyatnyk I, Haglund P, Lövgren L, Tysklind M, Gustafsson A, Törneman N (2014) Evaluation of barrier materials for removing pollutants from groundwater rich in natural organic matter. Water Sci Technol 70:32–39
Mehrjouei M, Müller S, Sekiguchi K, Möller D (2010) Decolorization of wastewater produced in a pyrolysis process by ozone: enhancing the performance of ozonation. Ozone Sci Eng 32:349–354
Miranda N, Oliveira E, Silva G (2014) Study of constructed wetlands effluent disinfected with ozone. Water Sci Technol 70:108–113
Moore A, Urmee T, Bahri P, Rezvani S, Baverstock G (2017) Life cycle assessment of domestic hot water systems in Australia. Renew Energy 103:187–196
Mujtaba IM, Edreder EA, Emtir M (2012) Significant thermal energy reduction in lactic acid production process. Appl Energy 89:74–80
Ozturk HK (2005) Energy usage and cost in textile industry: a case study for Turkey. Energy 30:2424–2446
Poredoš A, Kitanovski A (2002) Exergy loss as a basis for the price of thermal energy. Energy Convers Manag 43:2163–2173
Qin P, Chen H, Chen L, Wang C, Liu X, Hu X, Yu L, Liu S (2013) Analysis of recoverable waste heat of circulating cooling water in hot-stamping power system. Clean Techn Environ Policy 15:741–746
Rashid A, Guan DX, Farooqi A, Khan S, Zahir S, Jehan S, Khattak SA, Khan MS, Khan R (2018) Fluoride prevalence in groundwater around a fluorite mining area in the flood plain of the River Swat, Pakistan. Sci Total Environ 635:203–215
Sadineni SB, Madala S, Boehm RF (2011) Passive building energy savings: A review of building envelope components. Renew Sust Energy Rev 15:3617–3631
Saidur R, Ahamed J, Masjuki H (2010) Energy, exergy and economic analysis of industrial boilers. Energy Policy 38:2188–2197
Silva G, Daniel L, Bruning H, Rulkens W (2010) Anaerobic effluent disinfection using ozone: Byproducts formation. Bioresour Technol 101:6981–6986
Song Z, Yang G, Guo Y, Zhang T (2012) Comparison of two chemical pretreatments of rice straw for biogas production by anaerobic digestion. BioResources 7:3223–3236
Spoelstra S, Haije WG, Dijkstra J (2002) Techno-economic feasibility of high-temperature high-lift chemical heat pumps for upgrading industrial waste heat. Appl Therm Eng 22:1619–1630
Van Beers D, Biswas W (2008) A regional synergy approach to energy recovery: the case of the Kwinana industrial area, Western Australia. Energy Convers Manag 49:3051–3062
Weldeslassie T, Naz H, Singh B, Oves M (2018) Chemical contaminants for soil, air and aquatic ecosystem. In: Modern Age Environmental Problems and their Remediation. Springer, pp 1–22
WHO (2011) Guidelines for drinking-water quality WHO chronicle 38:104–108
Acknowledgements
We thanks department of environmental sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar for providing instrumentation facilities.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interests
Authors have no conflict of interests.
Additional information
Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Muhammad, N., Nafees, M., Hussain, R. et al. Pollution and energy reduction strategy in soft drink industries. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 28153–28159 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2861-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2861-x