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Behavioral and mutagenic biomarkers in tadpoles exposed to different abamectin concentrations

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Abstract

It is known that pesticides such as abamectin (ABA) present cytotoxic effects on target organisms; however, the effects from ABA on non-target organisms such as amphibians are poorly understood. The aim of the current study is to investigate whether the exposure of Lithobates catesbeianus tadpoles to different abamectin concentrations [12.5, 25, and 50% of the median lethal concentration (LC50)] leads to behavioral and morphological changes and/or generates possible cytotoxic effects. The aggregation test showed that tadpoles exposed to the highest ABA concentrations did not respond to the stimulus from non-familial and unrelated co-specific species. On the other hand, there was no difference in the total number of crossings in the central line of the herein adopted apparatus between groups; it suggests that ABA did not affect animal locomotion in the aforementioned test, although changes in the normal swimming pattern of tadpoles exposed to the pesticide were recorded in the swimming activity test. In addition, the herein exposed animals did not respond to the predatory stimulus in the antipredator response test; this result suggests defensive response deficit caused by the pesticide. With respect to their oral morphology, tadpoles exposed to ABA presented the lowest scores for mandibular pigmentation and structures, as well as for dentition condition. Finally, it was possible seeing that the exposure to ABA, even at the lowest concentration (12.5% of the LC50), resulted in nuclear changes in the erythrocytes of the animals; these changes became evident in the increased number of micronuclei and in other nuclear abnormalities. Thus, besides confirming the cytotoxic potential of ABA in amphibians, the current study corroborates the hypothesis that the exposure to the herein investigated pesticide leads to behavioral and morphological changes in tadpoles, fact that may negatively reflect on the survival, as well as on natural populations of these individuals.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)—the Brazilian research promotion agency—for funding the current study (case # 467801/2014-2) and for granting scholarships to students who participated in the research. In addition, we would like to thank Goiano Federal Institute (GO, Brazil) for their financial support, as well as Dr. Vaz BG and the students Pereira I and Costa DRO (Chemistry Institute at Federal University of Goiás, GO, Brazil) for their valuable assistance in the chemical analysis applied to the exposure waters.

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  1. Post-graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources – Biological Research Laboratory, Goiano Federal Institute – Urutaí Campus, Urutaí, GO, Brazil

    Diogo Ferreira do Amaral, Mateus Flores Montalvão, Bruna de Oliveira Mendes, André Luis da Silva Castro & Guilherme Malafaia

  2. Biologigal Sciences Department, Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute – Urutaí Campus, Urutaí, GO, Brazil

    André Luis da Silva Castro & Guilherme Malafaia

  3. Laboratório de Pesquisas Biológicas, Instituto Federal Goiano – Campus Urutaí, Urutaí, GO, Brazil

    Guilherme Malafaia

  4. Rodovia Geraldo Silva Nascimento, 2,5 km, Zona Rural, Urutaí, GO, CEP: 75790-000, Brazil

    Guilherme Malafaia

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  1. Diogo Ferreira do Amaral
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  2. Mateus Flores Montalvão
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  3. Bruna de Oliveira Mendes
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  4. André Luis da Silva Castro
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  5. Guilherme Malafaia
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Correspondence to Guilherme Malafaia.

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do Amaral, D.F., Montalvão, M.F., de Oliveira Mendes, B. et al. Behavioral and mutagenic biomarkers in tadpoles exposed to different abamectin concentrations. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 12932–12946 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-1562-9

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