Abstract
A SSW/Al-Cu formed from an industrial solid waste and Al-Cu Nps are utilized for the removal of fluoride from aqueous solutions. The SSW/Al-Cu was obtained by a chemical reduction method. The SSW/Al-Cu was characterized by TEM, SEM, FT-IR, XRD, BET, and pHzpc techniques. The Nps were formed as bimetallic oxides and deposited in the form of spheroidal particles forming agglomerations. The sizes of these particles range from 1 to 3 nm. The surface area and average pore width of SSW/Al-Cu were 2.99 m2/g and 17.09 nm, respectively. The adsorption kinetics were better described using the second-order model, pointing to chemical adsorption with an equilibrium time of 540 min. The thermodynamic parameters obtained here confirm the spontaneous and endothermic nature of the process. The percentage of fluoride removal was 89.5% using the four-bladed disk turbine, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling demonstrated that using the four-bladed disk turbine helped improve the fluoride removal process. The maximum adsorption capacity was 3.99 mg/g. The Langmuir-Freundlich model best describes the adsorption process, which occurred by a combination of mechanisms, such as electrostatic interactions between the ions involved in the process. This study proves that the chemical modification of this waste solid created an efficient bimetallic nanomaterial for fluoride removal. Furthermore, the method of preparation of these nanocomposites is quite scalable.
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Acknowledgments
We gratefully acknowledge financial support from PRODEP-SEP, Scholarship Grant reference DSA/103.5/16/14528 for Alien Blanco Flores. Financial support of this work by the Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí is gratefully acknowledged. We are indebted to Rosa Lina Tovar and Claudia Hernández (XRD analyses), Izanami López (chemical composition analyses), Martha Alejandra Lomelí (FT-IR analyses), and Claudia Guadalupe Elias (Transmission Electron Microscopy analyses), who are all at Instituto de Metalurgia, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, for their technical support.
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Blanco-Flores, A., Arteaga-Larios, N., Pérez-García, V. et al. Efficient fluoride removal using Al-Cu oxide nanoparticles supported on steel slag industrial waste solid. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 6414–6428 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0849-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0849-6