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Pulsed light reduces the toxicity of the algal toxin okadaic acid to freshwater crustacean Daphnia pulex

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Abstract

This constitutes the first study to report on the reduction in toxicity of the dinoflagellate algal toxin okadaic acid after novel pulsed light (PL) treatments where ecotoxicological assessment was performed using a miniaturised format of the conventional in vivo freshwater crustacean Daphnia sp. acute toxicity test. Bivalves accumulate this toxin, which can then enter the human food chain causing deleterious health effects such as diarrhetic shellfish poisoning. This miniaturised toxicological bioassay used substantially less sample volume and chemical reagents. Findings revealed a 24-h EC50 of 25.87 μg/L for PL-treated okadaic acid at a UV dose of 12.98 μJ/cm2 compared to a 24-h EC50 of 1.68 μg/L for the untreated okadaic acid control, suggesting a 15-fold reduction in toxicity to Daphnia pulex. The bioassay was validated in this study and correlated well with the “classic” ISO format (r = 0.98) using the traditional reference chemical potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7). Reduction by up to 65% in PL-treated okadaic acid concentration was confirmed by LC-MS/MS analysis. Findings from this study have positive ecological, societal and enterprise implications, such as the development of PL technology for the prevention or reduce algal contamination of fisheries and aquaculture industries.

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Acknowledgements

The component of research conducted at Queen’s University was funded by the Advanced ASSET project, partly funded through InvestNI and from the European Sustainable Programme 2007–2013 under the European Regional Development Fund (‘ERDF’).

The component carried out in Athlone Institute of Technology was funded by the Institute’s Department of Life and Physical Sciences with thanks to Head of Department Dr. Carol O’ Donnell and Dean of Faculty of Science Dr. Don Faller.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Life & Physical Science, Athlone Institute of Technology, Dublin Road, Athlone, Co. Westmeath, Ireland

    Iain M. T. Murray, Neil J. Rowan & Andrew M. Fogarty

  2. Bioscience Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Dublin Road, Athlone, Co. Westmeath, Ireland

    Neil J. Rowan & Andrew M. Fogarty

  3. Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University, Belfast, Co. Antrim, UK

    Sara McNamee & Katrina Campbell

Authors
  1. Iain M. T. Murray
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  2. Neil J. Rowan
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  4. Katrina Campbell
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Correspondence to Iain M. T. Murray.

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Responsible editor: Vitor Manuel Oliveira Vasconcelos

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Murray, I.M.T., Rowan, N.J., McNamee, S. et al. Pulsed light reduces the toxicity of the algal toxin okadaic acid to freshwater crustacean Daphnia pulex . Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 607–614 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0472-6

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