Abstract
Bench scale tests were conducted to investigate the effect of potassium permanganate pre-oxidation on the photosynthetic activity and molecular weight distribution of Anabaena spiroides. Different concentrations of potassium permanganate were added into the suspension of Anabaena spiroides, one of the dominant algae in water bloom, and after pre-oxidation of permanganate for 1 h, the results show that the removal rate significantly increases by 33.99~36.35% compared to direct coagulation. Then, the algal characteristics, including photosynthetic ability, the changes in extracellular organic matter three-dimensional fluorescence, and the distribution of molecular weight were conducted and the results show that along with increasing concentration of potassium permanganate, the photosynthetic ability of algae decreases, more extracellular organic matter is secreted, and large molecular weight matter (humic-like and fulvic-like substances) are generated. Therefore, this study demonstrates that potassium permanganate could be used in addressing the algae-rich water.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Behrenfeld MJ, Prasil O, Babin M, Bruyant F (2004) In search of a physiological basis for covariations in light-limited and light-saturated photosynthesis. J Phycol 40:4–25
Bernhardt H, Clasen J (1991) Flocculation of micro-organism. J Water Supply Res Technol Aqua 40:76–87
Bernhardt H, Clasen J (1994) Investigations into the flocculation mechanisms of small algal cells. Aqua J Water Supply Res Technol 43:222–232
Bernhardt H, Hoyer O, Schell H, Lüsse B (1985) Reaction mechanisms involved in the influence of algogenic organic matter on flocculation. Z Wasser Abwasser-Forsch 18:18–30
Chen J-J, Yeh H-H (2005) The mechanisms of potassium permanganate on algae removal. Water Res 39:4420–4428
Chen X, Xiao B, Liu J, Fang T, Xu X (2005) Kinetics of the oxidation of MCRR by potassium permanganate. Toxicon 45:911–917
Chen J-J, Yeh H-H, Tseng I-C (2009) Effect of ozone and permanganate on algae coagulation removal–pilot and bench scale tests. Chemosphere 74:840–846
Divakaran R, Pillai VS (2002) Flocculation of algae using chitosan. J Appl Phycol 14:419–422
Gang LH, Hui ZX, Ying GC (2005) Studies on the algorithm and identification of three dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy of algae. China Environ Sci 25:581–584
Henderson R, Parsons SA, Jefferson B (2008) The impact of algal properties and pre-oxidation on solid–liquid separation of algae. Water Res 42:1827–1845
Klemas V (2011) Remote sensing of algal blooms: an overview with case studies. J Coast Res 28:34–43
Liao X, Liu J, Yang M, Ma H, Yuan B, Huang C-H (2015) Evaluation of disinfection by-product formation potential (DBPFP) during chlorination of two algae species—blue-green Microcystis aeruginosa and diatom Cyclotella meneghiniana. Sci Total Environ 532:540–547
Ma M, Liu R, Liu H, Qu J (2012) Effect of moderate pre-oxidation on the removal of Microcystis aeruginosa by KMnO 4–Fe (II) process: significance of the in-situ formed Fe (III). Water Res 46:73–81
Ou H, Gao N, Wei C, Deng Y, Qiao J (2012) Immediate and long-term impacts of potassium permanganate on photosynthetic activity, survival and microcystin-LR release risk of Microcystis aeruginosa. J Hazard Mater 219:267–275
Petrusevski VB, Van Breemen A, Alaerts G (1996) Effect of permanganate pre-treatment and coagulation with dual coagulants on algae removal in direct filtration. Aqua 45:316–326
Pieterse A, Cloot A (1997) Algal cells and coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation processes. Water Sci Technol 36:111–118
Pivokonsky M, Kloucek O, Pivokonska L (2006) Evaluation of the production, composition and aluminum and iron complexation of algogenic organic matter. Water Res 40:3045–3052
Pivokonsky M, Naceradska J, Brabenec T, Novotna K, Baresova M, Janda V (2015) The impact of interactions between algal organic matter and humic substances on coagulation. Water Res 84:278–285
Qiao J, Dong L, Hu Y (2011) Removal of harmful algal blooms using activated fly ash-modified chitosan. Fresenius Environ Bull 20
Rodríguez E, Majado ME, Meriluoto J, Acero JL (2007) Oxidation of microcystins by permanganate: reaction kinetics and implications for water treatment. Water Res 41:102–110
Tung S, Lin T, Liu C, Lai S (2004) The effect of oxidants on 2-MIB concentration with the presence of cyanobacteria. Water Sci Technol 49:281–288
Xie P, Ma J, Fang J, Guan Y, Yue S, Li X, Chen L (2013) Comparison of permanganate preoxidation and preozonation on algae containing water: cell integrity, characteristics, and chlorinated disinfection byproduct formation. Environ Sci Technol 47:14051–14061
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the Major Project of Shanghai Scientific and Technological Committee (14231200404).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Responsible editor: Vitor Manuel Oliveira Vasconcelos
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Qiao, J., Zhang, X. & Lv, L. Removal of Anabaena spiroides by potassium permanganate pre-oxidation: effect on photosynthetic capacity and molecular weight distribution. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24, 24207–24213 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0060-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0060-9