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Biomonitoring of tobacco smoke exposure and self-reported smoking status among general population of Tehran, Iran

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Abstract

The present study aimed to find a correlation between the self-reported smoking status of the residents of Tehran, Iran, and the urine cotinine as a biomarker of exposure to tobacco smoke. The self-reported data was collected from 222 participants who were living in the urban area of Tehran. The urine samples of participants were collected for cotinine analysis. Urine cotinine was measured by an enzymatic immunoassay technique. Tobacco smoking was reported by 76 (34.23 %) participants as the self-reported data, and the number of males in this report was higher than of females (p < 0.001). By adding the number of the self-reported non-smokers with cotinine levels above the cutoff value of >100 ng/ml to self-reported smokers, the smoking prevalence increased from 34.23 % (95 % CI 28.01–40.88 %) to 36.48 % (95 % CI 30.14–43.19 %). Using the cutoff value, sensitivity and specificity of the self-reported smoking status were respectively 90.12 % (95 % CI 81.46–95.64 %) and 98 % (95 % CI 93.91–99.55 %). The levels of agreement between self-reported tobacco smoking and urinary cotinine concentrations was 95.1 % (k = 0.89, p < 0.001, 95 % CI = 0.81–0.95). Based on the results, self-reported smoking can be a valid marker for assessing the tobacco exposure, and it can be of use in large epidemiological studies.

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Acknowledgments

This research has been funded by the Institute for Environmental Research (IER) of Tehran University of Medical Sciences under grant no. 92-02-46-24039. The authors express their gratitude to all laboratory staff of the Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, for their support throughout this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

    Mohammad Hoseini

  2. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Masud Yunesian, Ramin Nabizadeh, Kamyar Yaghmaeian, Saeid Parmy, Sasan Faridi & Kazem Naddafi

  3. Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Masud Yunesian, Ramin Nabizadeh, Mohammad Sadegh Hasanvand, Noushin Rastkari & Kazem Naddafi

  4. Center for Water Quality Research, Institute of Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Kamyar Yaghmaeian

  5. Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California, Merced, CA, USA

    Hamed Gharibi

  6. Department of Human Ecology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Reza Ahmadkhaniha

  7. Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran

    Nezam Mirzaei

Authors
  1. Mohammad Hoseini
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  2. Masud Yunesian
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  4. Kamyar Yaghmaeian
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  5. Saeid Parmy
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  6. Hamed Gharibi
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  7. Sasan Faridi
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  8. Mohammad Sadegh Hasanvand
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  9. Reza Ahmadkhaniha
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  10. Noushin Rastkari
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  11. Nezam Mirzaei
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  12. Kazem Naddafi
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kazem Naddafi.

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Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

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Hoseini, M., Yunesian, M., Nabizadeh, R. et al. Biomonitoring of tobacco smoke exposure and self-reported smoking status among general population of Tehran, Iran. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23, 25065–25073 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7619-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7619-8

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