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Relationship between geographical origin and contents of Pb, Cd, and Cr in honey samples from the state of Paraná (Brazil) with chemometric approach

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the trace elements, Pb, Cd, and Cr in honey samples from eight different regions from the state of Paraná (Brazil), using slurry sampling graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Chemometric analysis (principal component analysis (PCA)) was applied to classify honey samples according to their levels of the trace elements Pb, Cd, and Cr, which is also related to the geographical origin of honey samples. The mean concentration for the elements followed the order Pb > Cr > > Cd. The mean values were 200 ± 76, 88 ± 14, and 4.1 ± 4 ng g−1 for Pb, Cr, and Cd, respectively. It could be verified that honey samples are geographically separated, especially with regard to Pb and Cd contents. Thus, honey can be considered a bioindicator of environmental contamination, suggesting possible contamination in soil, water, and air. This contamination can be related to natural or anthropogenic sources present in the study regions.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) (translated: National Council of Technological and Scientific Development), Fundação Araucária; Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (Finep) (translated: Funding of Studies and Projects), and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) (translated: Coordination of Improvement of Higher Education Personnel) for financial support. CKA thanks Fundação Araucária for the master scholarship.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste-UNICENTRO, 85040-080, Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil

    Camila Kulek de Andrade, Maria Lurdes Felsner, Yohandra Reyes Torres & Sueli Pércio Quináia

  2. Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa-UEPG, 84030-900, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil

    Vanessa Egéa dos Anjos

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  1. Camila Kulek de Andrade
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  2. Vanessa Egéa dos Anjos
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  3. Maria Lurdes Felsner
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  4. Yohandra Reyes Torres
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  5. Sueli Pércio Quináia
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Correspondence to Sueli Pércio Quináia.

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Responsible editor: Vera Slaveykova

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de Andrade, C.K., dos Anjos, V.E., Felsner, M.L. et al. Relationship between geographical origin and contents of Pb, Cd, and Cr in honey samples from the state of Paraná (Brazil) with chemometric approach. Environ Sci Pollut Res 21, 12372–12381 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3175-2

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