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An attempt to assess the relevance of flood events—biomarker response of rainbow trout exposed to resuspended natural sediments in an annular flume

  • PAHs and fish – Exposure monitoring and adverse effects – from molecular to individual level
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Abstract

There is a consensus within the scientific community that sediments act as a long-term sink for a variety of organic and inorganic pollutants, which, however, can re-enter the water column upon resuspension of deposited material under certain hydraulic conditions such as flood events. Within the implementation of the European Water Framework Directive, it is important to understand the potential short- and long-term impact of suspended particulate matter (SPM)-associated contaminants on aquatic organisms as well as the related uptake mechanisms for a sound risk assessment. To elucidate the effects of sediment-bound organic pollutants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed to three resuspended natural sediments with different contamination levels. Physicochemical parameters including dissolved oxygen concentration, pH and temperature, total PAH concentration in sediments and SPM as well as different biomarkers of exposure in fish (7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity, biliary PAH metabolites, micronuclei, and lipid peroxidation) were measured following seven days of exposure within an annular flume, a device to assess erosion and deposition processes of cohesive sediment. Concentrations of PAHs in SPM remained constant and represented the different contamination levels in the un-suspended sediments. Significant differences in bile metabolite concentrations as well as in 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase induction compared to control experiments (untreated animals and animals that were exposed in the annular flume without sediment) were observed for all exposure scenarios. The ratio between 1-hydroxypyrene in bile from fish exposed to the three different contamination levels was 1.0:3.6:10.7 and correlated well with (1) the ratio of pyrene concentrations in corresponding sediments which was 1.0:3.1:12.7 and (2) with the ratio of particle-bound pyrene in SPM which was 1.0:2.7:11.7. In contrast, hepatic lipid peroxidation and micronuclei formation represented the different contamination levels less conclusive. The results of this study clearly demonstrate that firmly bound PAH from aged sediments can become bioaccessible upon resuspension under flood-like conditions and are readily absorbed by aquatic organisms such as rainbow trout. Associated short-term effects were clearly documented and possible adverse long-term impacts due to genotoxicity are likely to follow.

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Acknowledgments

This study has been supported by a Boost-Funds project of the Exploratory Research Space (ERS) at the RWTH Aachen University, as part of the German Excellence Initiative. We would like to thank the German Federal Institute of Hydrology (Bundesanstalt für Gewässerkunde, BfG), especially Denise Spira and Dr. Georg Reifferscheid, for assistance and support during sampling of the sediments. Furthermore, we would like to thank the Hans Böckler Foundation (Düsseldorf, Germany) who supported Henning Hermann with a scholarship during his studies.

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  1. Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany

    Sebastian Hudjetz, Henning Herrmann, Markus Brinkmann & Henner Hollert

  2. Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management, RWTH Aachen University, Mies-van-der-Rohe-Straße 17, 52056, Aachen, Germany

    Sebastian Hudjetz, Catrina Cofalla & Holger Schüttrumpf

  3. Thünen Institute, Palmaille 9, 22767, Hamburg, Germany

    Ulrike Kammann

  4. Department of Environmental Biology and Chemodynamics, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany

    Andreas Schäffer

  5. State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China

    Andreas Schäffer & Henner Hollert

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  1. Sebastian Hudjetz
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  2. Henning Herrmann
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  7. Holger Schüttrumpf
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Hudjetz, S., Herrmann, H., Cofalla, C. et al. An attempt to assess the relevance of flood events—biomarker response of rainbow trout exposed to resuspended natural sediments in an annular flume. Environ Sci Pollut Res 21, 13744–13757 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-2414-2

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