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Enhanced adsorptive removal of naphthalene intermediates from aqueous solution by introducing reed straw into sewage sludge-based activated carbon

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Abstract

The disposal of sewage sludge (SS) and reed straw (RS) has becoming a critical issue due to their rapid production. In this study, the SS-based activated carbon (SSC) was produced by introducing the RS as a component material. Properties including BET surface area, pore volume, surface chemical groups, and morphologies were characterized. The adsorption of 1-diazo-2-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid (1,2,4-Acid) and 2-Naphthol (2-Nap), which differs in their physicochemical properties, on as-prepared carbons were investigated. The overall adsorption was found to be jointly controlled by external mass transfer and intraparticle diffusion, and the optimal pH was found to be 5 due to their electrostatic attraction. Further study revealed that the SS- and RS-based carbons (SC and RSC, respectively) exhibited different adsorption behavior toward 1,2,4-Acid and 2-Nap. The calculated adsorption capacity from Langmuir–Freundlich model of SC and RSC for the two intermediates was 141.0, 84.6 mg g-1 and 48.2, 110.2 mg g-1, respectively, whereas their hybrid product (SSC) showed comparable capacity for 1,2,4-Acid (117.8 mg g-1), as well as higher capacity for 2-Nap (157.5 mg g-1). It was found that the presence of meso- or macropores facilitates the precipitation of mineral phases of inorganic substances during carbonization, attracting the molecules with polar functional groups, while the introduction of C-rich RS to SS enhances the adsorption of hydrophobic molecules.

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Acknowledgment

This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51208295 and 50878127) and Shanghai Science and Techonology Commission (No. 12231202101). Thanks are also given to the Shanghai Tongji Gao Tianyao Environmental Science and Technology Development Foundation and the Scholarship Award for Excellent Doctoral Student granted by Ministry of Education of China.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, People’s Republic of China

    Lin Gu & Daofang Zhang

  2. School of Environmental Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People’s Republic of China

    Lin Gu, Pin Zhou, Nanwen Zhu, Haiping Yuan & Ziyang Lou

  3. School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People’s Republic of China

    Huaqing Guo

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  1. Lin Gu
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  2. Huaqing Guo
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  3. Pin Zhou
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  4. Nanwen Zhu
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  5. Daofang Zhang
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  6. Haiping Yuan
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  7. Ziyang Lou
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Correspondence to Nanwen Zhu or Daofang Zhang.

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Responsible editor: Bingcai Pan

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Gu, L., Guo, H., Zhou, P. et al. Enhanced adsorptive removal of naphthalene intermediates from aqueous solution by introducing reed straw into sewage sludge-based activated carbon. Environ Sci Pollut Res 21, 2043–2053 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-2131-x

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