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Photoelastic Analysis of Edge Residual Stresses in Glass by Automated “Test Fringes” Methods

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Abstract

Since the glass is a birefringent material, the analysis of residual stress in glass is usually carried out by means of photoelastic methods. This paper considers the automation of the “test fringes” method which is based on the use of a Babinet compensator or of a beam subjected to bending. In particular, two automated methods are proposed: the first one is based on the use of the centre fringe method in monochromatic light and the second one is based on the use of RGB photoelasticity in white light. The proposed methods have been applied to the analysis of membranal residual stresses in some tempered glasses, showing that they can effectively replace manual methods of photoelastic analysis of residual stresses in glass.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Palermo (Italy), Viale delle Scienze, 90128, Palermo, Italy

    A. Ajovalasit, G. Petrucci & M. Scafidi

Authors
  1. A. Ajovalasit
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  2. G. Petrucci
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  3. M. Scafidi
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to A. Ajovalasit.

Appendix

Appendix

Extraction of Fringe Centre

In this paper the centre fringe extraction has been carried out performing a binarization of the image and applying a thinning algorithm to the binarized image. In particular, for the dark fringes, the following operations are performed:

  • determination of average and maximum intensities, I m and I M , on the image containing only the carrier (see Fig. 17);

    Fig. 17
    figure 17

    Determination of the threshold value

    Full size image

  • determination of a threshold value of the dark fringes given by S = I m −0.65 (I M −I m )—see Fig. 17;

  • binarization of the image made by letting 1 the intensity of pixels in which I<S (Fig. 18);

    Fig. 18
    figure 18

    Binarized isochromatic fringes

    Full size image

  • consecutive application of median filtering operations, with circular window increasing from 5 to 13 pixels, in order to eliminate irregularities in the shape of the binarized fringes caused by electronic noise and image defects;

  • determination of the positions of the fringes centres by a thinning algorithm, applied to binarized fringes;

  • storage of the x, y coordinates of pixels belonging to the fringe under consideration using a simple tracking algorithm.

In the case of the light fringes (corresponding to intermediate fringe orders), the same procedure can be applied, considering a different formulation of the threshold value, i.e. S′ = I m  + 0.65 (I M −I m ), and letting 1 the intensity of the pixels in which I > S′.

The software was written using the MATLAB programming language. For further details on the method of fringe centre please refer to the copious bibliography on the topic [4].

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Ajovalasit, A., Petrucci, G. & Scafidi, M. Photoelastic Analysis of Edge Residual Stresses in Glass by Automated “Test Fringes” Methods. Exp Mech 52, 1057–1066 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11340-011-9558-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11340-011-9558-0

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