Abstract
Today, for the first time in history, half the world’s people live in cities. This puts metropolitan areas to the test, especially in developing countries, where the greatest part of urban growth is occurring. In order to meet the new challenges linked to urbanization, today’s growing cities need appropriate metropolitan governance. The present paper wants to investigate this issue, through the definition of a general model of metropolitan governance, which can be adapted to every urbanization context according to its own specificities. Considerable emphasis will be given to concrete examples to test the consistency of our model. In particular, since water and sanitation supply is one of the key challenges affecting metropolitan areas, we will apply our model to urban water management. Furthermore, an important focus will be given to the contribution that Information and Communication Technologies can provide to the implementation of the model.
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Notes
Urban and Rural Areas, United Nations-Department of Economic and Social Affairs-Population Division (2007). http://www.unpopulation.org.
Official Definition of Corporate Governance of ICT by AS8015 (Australian Standard for ICT Corporate Governance).
This act includes the competencies and policy areas of all the ministries.
Hereby, a list of Estonian Ministries: Ministry of Education and Research, Ministry of Defence, Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Culture, Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communication, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Internal Affairs, Ministry of Social Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
The institution of reference is the Department of State Information Systems (RISO).
Moreover, it is important to remind that all ministries and boards have persons (IT-managers) responsible for co-ordinating IT developments of the competency and policy area of the ministry.
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Ambruosi, C.S., Baldinelli, G.M., Cappuccini, E. et al. Metropolitan Governance: Which Policies for Globalizing Cities?. Transit Stud Rev 17, 320–331 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11300-010-0145-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11300-010-0145-3