Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

A Low-Collision CSMA-Based Active RFID for Tracking Applications

  • Published:
Wireless Personal Communications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Hardware complexity, active Tag power consumption, and Multiple Tags collection method are three critical parameters in all active radio frequency identification systems. In this work, both the MCU and RF operations are performed in single chip, which makes the Tag hardware smaller. A lot amount of energy is restored by setting Tags in the sleep mode in the most of times. Four commands are used for this system. At first, a unique ID is dedicated to each Tag by the ID allocation command. The polling command is implemented for searching desired Tags. By using of the ID clearing command, the object loses the passing permission for a given time or permanently. Utilizing the collection command, the information of all surrounding Tags are collected and monitored, simultaneously. The Carrier Sense Multiple Access method is used and its performance is evaluated. The maximum transmission range of 80 m at the output power of 4.5 dBm is obtained. An active Tag with unique ID is mounted on each vehicle. Receiver sensitivity of 97 dBm and current consumption of 1 \(\mu \text{ A}\) in the sleep mode and 29.6 mA in the active mode are reported.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Min, Z., Wenfeng, L., Zhongyun, W., Bin, L., & Xia, R. (2007). A RFID-based material tracking information system. In International conference on automation and logistics, Aug 16 (pp. 2922–2926).

  2. Huang, X., Zhang, G., Sun, Q., & Qing, D. (2011). Container transportation system using 2.45 GHz active RFID technology. In International conference on remote sensing, environment and transportation engineering, June 24 (pp. 3030–3033).

  3. Su, W., Alchazidis, N., & Ha, T. T. (2010). Multiple RFID tags access algorithm. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 9(2), 174–187.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Wang, W., & Fan, S. (2009). RFID technology application in container transportation. In Joint conference on pervasive computing (JCPC), Dec. 3–5 (pp. 639–642).

  5. Xing, G., Guoxian, W., & Hanbin, X. (2010). Design of the electronic tags in a container RFID system. In International symposium on distributed computing and applications to business engineering and science (DCABES), Aug. 10–12 (pp. 499–503).

  6. Anuradha, P., & Sendhilkumar, R. (2011). Design and implementation of ZigBee-RFID based vehicle tracking. In Internation conference on sustainable energy and intelligent systems, July 20–22 (pp. 689–694).

  7. Gwon, S. H., Oh, S. C., Huang, N., & Hong, S. K. (2011). Advanced RFID application for a mixed-product assembly line. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technolory, 56(1–4), 377–386.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Sun, Y., Zhang, Y., & Peng, P. (2009). Design and realization of 2.45 GHz active RFID system. In 2nd International conference on intelligent computation technology and automation, Oct. 11 (pp. 582–585).

  9. Klair, D. K., Chin, K. W., & Raad, R. (2010). A survey and tutorial of RFID anti-collision protocols. Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 12(3), 400–421.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Lee, J. S., Su, Y. W., & Shen, C. C. (2007). A comparative study of wireless protocols: Bluetooth, UWB, ZigBee, and Wi-Fi. In IEEE conference on industrial electronics society. Nov.5–8 (pp. 46–51).

  11. Yoon, W. J., Chung, S. H., & Lee, S. J. (2008). Implementation and performance evaluation of an active RFID system for fast tag collection. Journal of Computer Communications, 31(17), 4107–4116.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Cho, H., & Baek, Y. (2006). Design and implementation of an active RFID system platform. In International symposium on applications and the internet workspace (SAINTW), Jan. 23 (pp. 1–4).

  13. STM8S (2010). AN3255 datasheet (Online).

  14. Cho, H., Choi, H., Lee, W., Jung, Y., & Baek, Y. (2006). LITeTag: Design and implementation of an RFID system for IT-based port logistics. Journal of Communications, 1(4), 48–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Kodavati, B., Raju, V. K., Rao, S. S., Prabu, A. V., Rao, T. A., & Narayana, Y. V. (2011). GSM and GPS Based Vehicle Location and Tracking System. International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications(IJERA), 1(3):616-625.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Chan, H. K. (2012). Agent-based factory level wireless local positioning system with ZigBee technology. Systems Journal, 14(2), 179–185.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Zhu, H., Li, M., Zhu, Y., & Ni, L. M . (2009). HERO: Online real-time vehicle tracking. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and distributed Systems, 20(5), 740–752.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Kodali, S. P. E. (2011). Implementing anti collision algorithm for multiple tag identification. In International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 2(5). ISSN: 2229–5518.

  19. A.P., S., D.J., Y., P.S., P., A.V., M., & J.R., S. (2008). Design of an RFID-based battery-free programmable sensing platform. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 57(11), 2608–2615.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. T, U., J, S., & H.E., N. (2011). Designing of RFID-based sensor solution for packaging surveillance applications. Sensors Journal, 11(11), 3009–3018.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Egea-Lopez, E., Vales-Alonso, J., & Garcia-Haro, J. (2007). Performance evaluation of non-persistent CSMA as anti-collision protocol for active RFID tags. In Wired/wireless internet communications, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 4517 (pp. 279–289).

  22. TI. (2009). CC2530 User guide and datasheet. http://www.ti.com.

  23. Hao, Y., & Hong, Z. (2007). Development of a low-cost active RFID platform. In IEEE.international symposium on microwave. Antenna, propagation, and EMC technologies For wireless communications, Aug. 16 (pp. 152–155).

  24. Maxim. MAX3232 datasheet. http://www.maxim.com.

  25. Xian-Zhong, Z., Xiao-hua, C., & Wen-li, Z. (2008). Design of electronic tag in active RFID systems. Port Operation, 2 (Serial No.178).

  26. Ha, J. Y., K.T., H., Park, H. S., Choi, S., & Kwon, W. H. (2007). An enhanced CSMA-CA algorithm for IEEE 802.15.4 LR-WPANs. Communications Letters, 11(5), 461–463.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Nilsson, B., Bengtsson, L., & Svensson, B. (2010). An energy and application scenario aware active RFID protocol. EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, (111).

  28. Mišic, J., & Mišic, V. B. (2005). Duty cycle management in sensor networks based on 802.15.4 beacon enabled MAC. Ad Hoc and Sensor Wireless Networks Journal, Old City Publishing, 1(3), 207–233.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Mišic, J., & Mišic, V. B. (2005). Access delay and throughput for uplink transmissions in IEEE 802.15.4 PAN. Elsevier Computer Communications Journal, 28(10), 1152–1166.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Mišic, J., Shafi, S., & Mišic, V. B. (2005). The impact of MAC parameters on the performance of 802.15.4 PAN. Elsevier Ad hoc Networks Journal, 3(5), 509–528.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. IEEE 802.15.4 Standard-2003. (2003). Part 15.4: Wireless medium access control layer (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) specifications for low rate wireless personal area networks (LR-WPANs). In ANSI/IEEE 802.15.4.

  32. Latre, B., Mil, P. D., Moerman, I., Dhoedt, B., Demeester, P., & Dierdonck, N. V. (2006). Throughput and delay analysis of unslotted IEEE 802.15.4. Journal of Networks, 1(1), 20–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Yang, C. C. O., Prabhu, B. S., Qu, C., Chu, C. C., & Gadh, R. (2009). Read/write performance for low memory passive HF RFID tag-reader system. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, 4(3), 1–16.

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  34. Kadir, H. A., Wahab, M. H. A., Tukiran, Z., & Mutalib, A. A. Tracking student movement using active RFID. In International conference on applications of, computer engineering (WSEAS).

  35. Wang, H., Pei, C., & Su, B. (2012). Collision-free arbitration protocol for active RFID systems. Journal of Communications and Networks, 14(1), 34–39.

    Google Scholar 

  36. TI. (2009). SmartRF software for evaluation. http://www.ti.com/smartrfstudio.

  37. Xie, Z., & Lai, S. (2007). Design and implementation of an active RFID MAC protocol. In International conferance on wireless communications, networking and mobile computing, Sept, 21 (pp. 2113–2116).

  38. Bilstrup, U., & Wiberg, P. A. (2004). An architecture comparison between a wireless sensor network and an active RFID system. In 29th Annual IEEE international conference on local. Computer Networks, Nov.16 (pp. 583–584).

  39. Yoon, W. J., Chung, S. H., Lee, S. J., & Moon, Y. S. (2007). Design and implementation of an active RFID system for fast tag collection. In International conference on computer and information technology, Oct., 16–19 (pp. 961–966).

  40. Zhao, Y., Liu, Y., & Ni, L. M. (2007). VIRE: Active RFID-based localization using virtual reference elimination. In International conference on parallel processing (ICPP), Sept. 10–14 (p. 56).

  41. Beuran, R., Nakata, J., Kawakami, T., Okada, T., Chinen, K. I., & Tan, Y., et al. (2010). Emulation framework for the design and development of active RFID tag systems. Journal of Ambient Intelligence and and smart Environments, 2(2), 155–177.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Electrical Faculty, Payame Noor University (PNU), 438 , Mahabad, Iran

    Dawood Moeinfar

  2. Electrical Faculty, K.N.Toosi University of Technology, Seyedkhandan, Dr. Shariati Ave, 16315-1355 , Tehran, Iran

    Hossein Shamsi

Authors
  1. Dawood Moeinfar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Hossein Shamsi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dawood Moeinfar.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Moeinfar, D., Shamsi, H. A Low-Collision CSMA-Based Active RFID for Tracking Applications. Wireless Pers Commun 71, 2827–2847 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-012-0973-z

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-012-0973-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation