Abstract
One of the biggest challenges in political mayhem is visible during the election process where no stone is kept unturned in order to gain the power. Further, due to poll violence and waiting in the long queues to cast their votes, numbers of common citizens avoid the voting process completely in order to evade the chaos. In order to reduce these issues or to increase the voting rate, number of smart based or IoT enabled voting applications has been projected by various authors. However, IoT devices can be easily compromised or hacked by the experts (intruders) in order to gain their own access. Therefore, to ensure an enhanced secure and transparent polling process, Blockchain plays a vital role in ensuring the legit votes and their counting without their manipulation in any way. It is also needed in today’s times where the world is available to people in their IoT or smart devices to also give them the opportunity to register their votes hassle free via their smart devices without having to worry about the system getting hacked. Therefore, in this paper, the proposed layout will be based on an enhanced security through Blockchain in E-voting application using IoT devices where the user will create an account with proper verification done via voter id and other biometric methods on a smart device. Every transaction done via this account which in this case will be registering vote will be validated by a miner. The proposed Blockchain mechanism for E-polling using IoT devices is again validated and verified through several parameters such as response time, resource utilization and request processed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Liu, F. H. F., & Hai, H. L. (2005). The voting analytic hierarchy process method for selecting supplier. International Journal of Production Economics,97(3), 308–317.
Christian Schaupp, L., & Carter, L. (2005). E-voting: From apathy to adoption. Journal of Enterprise Information Management,18(5), 586–601.
Zissis, D., & Lekkas, D. (2011). Securing e-Government and e-voting with an open cloud computing architecture. Government Information Quarterly,28(2), 239–251.
Barr, E., Bishop, M., & Gondree, M. (2007). Fixing federal e-voting standards. Communications of the ACM,50, 19–24.
Zissis, D., & Lekkas, D. (2011). Securing e-Government and e-voting with an open cloud computing architecture. Government Information Quarterly,28(2), 239–251.
Khasawneh, M., Malkawi, M., Al-Jarrah, O., Barakat, L., Hayajneh, T. S., & Ebaid, M. S. (2008). A biometric-secure e-voting system for election processes. In 2008 5th international symposium on mechatronics and its applications (pp. 1–8). IEEE.
Singh, M., Rajan, M. A., Shivraj, V. L., & Balamuralidhar, P. (2015). Secure mqtt for internet of things (iot). In 2015 fifth international conference on communication systems and network technologies (pp. 746–751). IEEE.
Stergiou, C., Psannis, K. E., Kim, B. G., & Gupta, B. (2018). Secure integration of IoT and cloud computing. Future Generation Computer Systems,78, 964–975.
Marin, L., Pawlowski, M., & Jara, A. (2015). Optimized ECC implementation for secure communication between heterogeneous IoT devices. Sensors,15(9), 21478–21499.
Iansiti, M., & Lakhani, K. R. (2017). The truth about blockchain. Harvard Business Review,95(1), 118–127.
Rathee, G., Sharma, A., Kumar, R., & Iqbal, R. (2019). A secure communicating things network framework for industrial IoT using blockchain technology. Ad Hoc Networks,94, 101933.
Rathee, G., Sharma, A., Saini, H., Kumar, R., & Iqbal, R. (2019). A hybrid framework for multimedia data processing in IoT-healthcare using blockchain technology. Multimedia Tools and Applications. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-019-07835-3.
Kshetri, N., & Voas, J. (2018). Blockchain-enabled e-voting. IEEE Software,35(4), 95–99.
Ayed, A. B. (2017). A conceptual secure blockchain-based electronic voting system. International Journal of Network Security and Its Applications,9(3), 01–09.
Osgood, R. (2016). The future of democracy: Blockchain voting. In COMP116: Information security (pp. 1–21).
Salahuddin, M. A., Al-Fuqaha, A., Guizani, M., Shuaib, K., & Sallabi, F. (2018). Softwarization of internet of things infrastructure for secure and smart healthcare. arXiv preprint arXiv:1805.11011.
Kang, J., Xiong, Z., Niyato, D., Ye, D., Kim, D. I., & Zhao, J. (2019). Towards secure blockchain-enabled internet of vehicles: Optimizing consensus management using reputation and contract theory. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,68, 2906–2920.
She, W., Liu, Q., Tian, Z., Chen, J. S., Wang, B., & Liu, W. (2019). Blockchain trust model for malicious node detection in wireless sensor networks. IEEE Access,7, 38947–38956.
Lu, H., Huang, K., Azimi, M., & Guo, L. (2019). Blockchain technology in the oil and gas industry: A review of applications, opportunities, challenges, and risks. IEEE Access,7, 41426–41444.
Fraga-Lamas, P., & Fernández-Caramés, T. M. (2019). A review on blockchain technologies for an advanced and cyber-resilient automotive industry. IEEE Access,7, 17578–17598.
Al-Jaroodi, J., & Mohamed, N. (2019). Blockchain in industries: A survey. IEEE Access,7, 36500–36515.
Hu, Y., Manzoor, A., Ekparinya, P., Liyanage, M., Thilakarathna, K., Jourjon, G., et al. (2019). A delay-tolerant payment scheme based on the ethereum blockchain. IEEE Access,7, 33159–33172.
Shahzad, B., & Crowcroft, J. (2019). Trustworthy electronic voting using adjusted blockchain technology. IEEE Access,7, 24477–24488.
Kshetri, N., & Voas, J. (2018). Blockchain-enabled e-voting. IEEE Software,35(4), 95–99.
Anjum, A., Sporny, M., & Sill, A. (2017). Blockchain standards for compliance and trust. IEEE Cloud Computing,4(4), 84–90.
Yavuz, E., Koc, A. K., Cabuk, U. C., & Dalkılıc, G. (2018). Towards secure e-voting using ethereum blockchain. In IEEE 6th international symposium on digital forensic and security (ISDFS) (pp. 1–7).
Hjalmarsson, F.P., Hreioarsson, G.K., Hamdaqa, M., & Hjalmtysson, G. (2018). Blockchain-based e-voting system. In IEEE 11th international conference on cloud computing (CLOUD) (pp. 983–986).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Krishnamurthy, R., Rathee, G. & Jaglan, N. An enhanced security mechanism through blockchain for E-polling/counting process using IoT devices. Wireless Netw 26, 2391–2402 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-019-02112-5
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-019-02112-5