Abstract
Koumiss, a five-thousand-year-old fermented mare’s milk beverage, is widely recognized for its beneficial nutrient and medicinal properties. The microbiota of Chinese and Mongolian koumiss have been largely characterized in recent years, but little is known concerning Kazakh koumiss despite this drink historically originates from the modern Kazakhstan territory. In addition, while koumiss is regarded as a drink with therapeutic potential, there are also no data on koumiss anti-Candida activity. In this context, the aims of the present study were to investigate the bacterial diversity and anti-Candida albicans activity of homemade Kazakh koumiss samples as well as fermented whey and cow’s milk, derived from koumiss and propagated for several months. Koumiss bacterial communities were largely dominated by lactic acid bacteria including Lactobacillus sensu lato spp. (69% of total reads), Streptococcus (8.0%) and Lactococcus (6.1%), while other subdominant genera included Acetobacter (2.6%), Enterobacter (2.4%), and Klebsiella (1.5%). Several but not all koumiss samples as well as fermented whey and cow’s milk showed antagonistic activities towards C. albicans. Linear discriminant effect size (LEfSe) analysis showed that their bacterial communities were characterized by a significantly higher abundance of amplicon sequence variants (ASV) belonging to the genus Acetobacter. In conclusion, this study allowed to identify the key microorganisms of Kazakh koumiss and provided new information on the possible underestimated contribution of acetic acid bacteria to its probiotic properties.
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Data availability
The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. All raw sequences are available in the GeneBank repository, BioProject Accession ID PRJNA971349.
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This research has been funded by the Science Committee of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Grant No. AP09258699).
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. YO: Conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, writing—original draft, project administration; SD: Methodology, investigation; JM: Software, methodology, validation, formal analysis, writing—review and editing; MS: Supervision, writing—review and editing; AA: Investigation, resources. All authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Oleinikova, Y., Daugaliyeva, S., Mounier, J. et al. Metagenetic analysis of the bacterial diversity of Kazakh koumiss and assessment of its anti-Candida albicans activity. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 40, 99 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-024-03896-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-024-03896-1