Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Establishing mollusk colonization and assemblage patterns in planted mangrove stands of different ages in Lingayen Gulf, Philippines

  • Short Communication
  • Published:
Wetlands Ecology and Management Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

We investigated the assemblage patterns and species composition of infaunal mollusks in different ages of planted mangroves (6-, 8-, 10-, 11- and 18-year old) in Lingayen Gulf, northwestern Philippines. The study aimed to determine if the mollusk assemblage was associated with the developing forest and if such patterns could provide evidence for restoration of habitat functionality. A total of 11 mollusk species were recorded. Only two species, Cerithidea cingulata (Gmelin, 1791) and Nerita polita (Linnaeus, 1758), consistently appeared in all stands where the former had increased biomass in maturing stands and the latter peaked in intermediate age stands. Vegetation structure and biomass, and sediment characteristics changed as plantations matured. Likewise, mollusk assemblages (based on species composition and biomass) significantly varied among different age stands. Such changes in assemblage patterns were correlated with vegetation and sediment characteristics. The groupings of mollusks species in the different stands can be categorized into: decreasing (species that have initially high biomass but disappeared in older stands); no detectable change (species that did not show any change in biomass); peaking (species that initially had low biomass, peaked at intermediate stands, and then diminished in mature stands; and, increasing (species that have increasing biomass with maturing stands). In summary, this study affirmed: (1) rehabilitated mangroves with increased forest structure and biomass can be effective in facilitating infaunal colonization; and (2) mollusk assemblage patterns changed as stands grow older.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

References

  • Alongi DM (2002) Present state and future of the world’s mangrove forests. Environ Conserv 29:331–349

    Google Scholar 

  • Ashton EC, Macintosh DJ, Hogarth PJ (2003) A baseline study of the diversity and community ecology of crab and molluscan macrofauna in the Sematan mangrove forest, Sarawak. Malays J Trop Ecol 19:127–142

    Google Scholar 

  • Barbier EB (2006) Natural barriers to natural disasters: replanting mangroves after the tsunami. Front Ecol Environ 4:124–131

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bosire JO, Dahdouh-Guebas F, Kairo JG, Koedam N (2003) Colonization of non-planted mangrove species into restored mangrove stands in Gazi Bay. Kenya Aquat Bot 76:267–279

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bosire JO, Dahdouh-Guebas F, Kairo JG, Cannicci S, Koedam N (2004) Spatial variations in macrobenthic fauna recolonization in a tropical mangrove bay. Biodivers Conserv 13:1059–1074

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bosire JO, Dahdouh-Guebas F, Walton M, Crona BI, Lewis RR III, Field J, Kairo JG, Koedam N (2008) Functionality of restored mangroves: a review. Aquat Bot 89:251–259

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cairns J Jr, Heckman JR (1996) Restoration ecology: the state of an emerging field. Annu Rev Energ Environ 21:167–189

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cannicci S, Burrows D, Fratini S, Smith TJ III, Offenberg J, Dahdouh-Guebas F (2008) Faunal impact on vegetation structure and ecosystem function in mangrove forests: a review. Aquat Bot 89:186–200

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chan HT (1996) Mangrove reforestation in Peninsular Malaysia: a case study of Matang. In: Field CD (ed) Restoration of mangrove ecosystems. International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems, Okinawa, Japan, pp 64–75

    Google Scholar 

  • Chapman MG, Tolhurst TJ (2004) The relationship between invertebrate assemblages and bio-dependant properties of sediment in urbanized temperate mangrove forests. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 304:51–73

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chapman MG, Tolhurst TJ (2007) Relationships between benthic macrofauna and biogeochemical properties of sediments at different spatial scales and among different habitats in mangrove forests. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 343:96–109

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clarke K, Warwick R (2001) Change in marine communities: an approach to statistical analysis and interpretation, 2nd edn. Primer-E, Plymouth, UK

    Google Scholar 

  • Clough BF (1992) Primary productivity and growth of mangrove forests. In: Robertson AI, Alongi DM (eds) Tropical mangrove ecosystems. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, pp 225–249

    Google Scholar 

  • Crona BI, Ronnback P (2007) Community structure and temporal variability of juvenile fish assemblages in natural and replanted mangroves. Sonneratia alba Sm., of Gazi Bay, Kenya. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 74:44–52

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dance SP (2002) Shells (Smithsonian handbooks). DK Publishing, New York, 256 pp

  • Dittman S (2002) Benthic fauna in tropical tidal flats—a comparative perspective. Wetl Ecol Manag 10:189–195

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ellison AM (2000) Mangrove restoration: do we know enough? Restor Ecol 8:219–229

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ellison AM (2007) Managing mangroves with benthic diversity in mind: moving beyond roving banditry. J Sea Res 59:2–15

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Evans J (1999) Planted forests of the wet and dry tropics: their variety, nature, and significance. In: Boyle JR, Winjum JK, Kavanagh K, Jensen EC (eds) Planted forests: contributions to the quest for sustainable societies. Kluwer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp 25–36

    Google Scholar 

  • Field CD (1999) Rehabilitation of mangrove ecosystems: an overview. Mar Pollut Bull 37:383–392

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fondo EN, Martens EE (1998) Effects of mangrove deforestation on macrofaunal densities, Gazi Bay. Kenya Mang Salt Marsh 2:75–83

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fortes MD (1995) Causes of failure (and success?) of mangrove restoration in the Philippines. In: Khenmark C (ed) Ecology and management of mangrove restoration and regeneration in East and Southeast Asia: proceedings of the ECOTONE IV 18–22 January 1995. National Research Council of Thailand, The Thai National Commission for UNESCO, National MAB Committee of Japan, UNESCO ROSTSEA, Tokyo, Japan, pp 129–141

  • Green RH (1979) Sampling design and statistical methods for environmental biologists. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Hong PN (1996) Restoration of mangrove ecosystems in Vietnam: a case study of Can Gio District, Ho Chi Minh City. In: Field CD (ed) Restoration of mangrove ecosystems. International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems, Okinawa, Japan, pp 76–96

    Google Scholar 

  • Imai N, Takyu M, Nakamura Y, Nakamura T (2006) Gap formation and regeneration of tropical mangrove forests in Ranong, Thailand. Plant Ecol 186:37–46

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaly UL, Jones GP (1998) Mangrove restoration: a potential tool for coastal management in tropical developing countries. Ambio 27:656–661

    Google Scholar 

  • Kathiresan K, Bingham BL (2001) Biology of mangroves and mangrove ecosystems. Adv Mar Biol 40:81–251

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Katon BM, Pomeroy RS, Garces LR (2000) Rehabilitating the mangrove resources of Cogtong Bay, Philippines: a co-management perspective. Coast Manage 28:29–37

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Komiyama A, Moriya H, Prawiroatmodjo S, Toma T, Ogino K (1988) Primary productivity of mangrove forest. In: Ogino K, Chihara M (eds) Biological system of mangroves. Ehime University, Ehime, Japan, pp 97–117

    Google Scholar 

  • Komiyama A, Ong JE, Poungparn S (2008) Allometry, biomass, and productivity of mangrove forests: a review. Aquat Bot 89:128–137

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Laureta LV (2008) Compendium of the economically important seashells in Panay, Philippines. University of the Philippines Press, Quezon City, Philippines, 147 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis RR III (2005) Ecological engineering for successful management and restoration of mangrove forests. Ecol Eng 24:403–418

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Macintosh DJ, Ashton EC, Havanon S (2002) Mangrove rehabilitation and intertidal biodiversity: a study in the Ranong Mangrove Ecosystem, Thailand. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 55:331–345

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Macnae W (1968) A general account of the fauna and flora of mangrove swamps and forests in the Indo West Pacific region. In: Russel SFS, Yonge SM (eds) Advances in marine biology. Academic Press, London, pp 73–270

    Google Scholar 

  • McKee KL, Faulkner PL (2000) Restoration of biogeochemical function in mangrove forests. Restor Ecol 8:247–259

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McManus LT, Chua TE (eds) (1990) The coastal environmental profile of Lingayen Gulf, Philippines. ICLARM Technical Repots 22, International Centre for Living Aquatic Resources Management, Manila, Philippines

  • Michener WK (1997) Quantitatively evaluating restoration experiments: research design, statistical analysis, and data management considerations. Restor Ecol 5:324–337

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morrisey DJ, Skilleter GA, Ellis JI, Burns BR, Kemp CE, Burta K (2003) Differences in benthic fauna and sediment among mangrove (Avicennia marina var. australasica) stands of different ages in New Zealand. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 56:581–592

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MSI (2002) Lingayen Gulf Resource Stock Assessment Terminal Report. Submitted by the Marine Science Institute to the Fisheries Resource Management Project of the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (ADB Loan Nos. 1562/1563-PHI and JBIC Loan No. PH—P197)

  • Nagelkerken I, Blaber SJM, Bouillon S, Green P, Haywood M, Kirton LG, Meynecke J-O, Pawlik J, Penrose HM, Sasekumar A, Somerfield PJ (2008) The habitat function of mangroves for terrestrial and marine fauna: a review. Aquat Bot 89:155–185

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Netto SA, Gallucci F (2003) Meiofauna and macrofauna communities in a mangrove from the islands of Santa Catalina, South Brazil. Hydrobiologia 505:159–170

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ong JE, Gong WK, Wong CH (2004) Allometry and partitioning of the mangrove, Rhizophora apiculata. For Ecol Manag 188(1–3):395–408

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pickett STA (1989) Space-for-time substitution as an alternative to long-term studies. In: Likens GE (ed) Long-term studies in ecology: approaches and alternatives. Springer, New York, pp 110–135

    Google Scholar 

  • Primavera JH (2000) Development and conservation of Philippine mangroves: institutional issues. Ecol Econ 35:91–106

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Primavera JH, Esteban JMA (2008) A review of mangrove rehabilitation in the Philippines: successes, failures and future prospects. Wetl Ecol Manag 16:345–358

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Salmo SG III, Carranza R, Meñez MAJ, Estepa NG (1999) Mangrove reforestation program in Bolinao, Pangasinan: partnerships among local and government institutions. In: Voluntary Service Overseas Philippines (ed) Community-based strategies in natural resources management. Voluntary Service Overseas, Philippines, pp 146–151

  • Salmo SG III, Torio DD, Esteban JMA (2007) Evaluation of rehabilitation strategies and management schemes for the improvement of mangrove management programs in Lingayen Gulf. Sci Diliman 19:24–34

    Google Scholar 

  • Samson MS, Rollon RN (2008) Growth performance of planted mangroves in the Philippines: revisiting forest management strategies. Ambio 37:234–240

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sasekumar A (1974) Distribution of macrofauna on a Malayan mangrove shore. J Anim Ecol 43:51–69

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sasekumar A, Chong VC (1998) Faunal diversity in Malaysian mangroves. Glob Ecol Biogeogr 7:57–60

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sokal RR, Rohlf FJ (1997) Biometry, the principles and practice of statistics in biological research, 3rd edn. W.H Freeman and Company, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Tabuchi R (2004) The rehabilitation of mangroves in Southeast Asia. In: Saxena KG, Liang L, Kono Y, Miyata S (eds) Small-scale livelihoods and natural resources management in marginal areas: case studies in Monsoon Asia. Proceedings of an international symposium, Tokyo, Japan, 29–30 October 2003, pp 121–128

  • Twilley RR, Rivera-Monroy VH, Chen R, Botero L (1999) Adapting an ecological mangrove model to simulate trajectories in restoration ecology. Mar Pollut Bull 37:404–419

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walters B (2004) Local management of mangrove forests in the Philippines: successful conservation or efficient resource exploitation? Hum Ecol 32:177–195

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walton ME, Le Vay L, Lebata JH, Binas J, Primavera JH (2007) Assessment of the effectiveness of mangrove rehabilitation using exploited and non exploited indicator species. Biol Conserv 138:10–188

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This study was conducted as part of Ph.D. research of S. Salmo in The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. S. Salmo is a recipient of the FORD Foundation—International Fellowships Program (FORD—IFP). The authors thank the anonymous reviewer and Dr. A. Juinio-Menez for their comments, which improved the manuscript. We are grateful to the municipal government officials and people’s organizations in Lingayen Gulf for allowing us to conduct this study in their planted mangrove sites. We thank Dr. M. Fortes of the UP Marine Science Institute for granting us access in his laboratory in Bolinao, and The University of Queensland and The International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) for providing some travel grants in our field sampling.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Agriculture, Central Luzon State University, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija, 3120, Philippines

    Severino G. Salmo III

  2. Centre for Marine Studies, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia

    Severino G. Salmo III & Norman C. Duke

Authors
  1. Severino G. Salmo III
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Norman C. Duke
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Severino G. Salmo III.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Salmo, S.G., Duke, N.C. Establishing mollusk colonization and assemblage patterns in planted mangrove stands of different ages in Lingayen Gulf, Philippines. Wetlands Ecol Manage 18, 745–754 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11273-010-9189-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11273-010-9189-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation