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Synthesis of Ag2O-TiO2-Kaolinite Clay Nanocomposite for Efficient Removal of Mn2+, Fe3+, Cu2+, and Pb2+ and Pathogens in Mining Wastewater

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Abstract

Synthesis of Ag2O-TiO2-kaolinite clay nanocomposite was undertaken to eliminate some selected heavy metals released into the environment from mining wastewater. Silver nitrate and titanium-tetra-isopropoxide were employed as the bulk reagents for the Ag2O-TiO2 nanoparticles synthesis, using an aqueous extract of Parkia biglobossa leaf (green synthesis method). The Ag2O-TiO2 nanoparticles were supported on acid-activated kaolinite clay via wet impregnation method, to develop the nanocomposite and were characterized for phase structure, morphology, and oxidation states. The functionality of the nanocomposite for the sequestration of Mn2+, Fe3+, Cu2+, and Pb2+ ions from mining wastewater was examined by adsorption studies. The XRD pattern of the Ag2O-TiO2-kaolinite clay reveals the synthesis of the rutile phase of TiO2 embedded in the kaolinite clay. While the HRSEM shows an evenly distributed arrangement of hemispherical stacks of kaolinites. The oxidation states of Ag2O and TiO2 revealed by the XPS are + 1 and + 4 respectively either as binary or ternary nanocomposite. The Ag2O-TiO2-clay nanocomposite adsorbed 99.85%, 97.85% 95.18%, and 40% of Mn2+, Fe3+, Cu2+, and Pb2+ ions at 120 min from the mining wastewater respectively. The synergetic efforts of the Ag2O-TiO2-clay were responsible for the adsorptive capability of the nanocomposite for the removal of the selected heavy metal ions.

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Data Availability

The authors declare that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the paper. Should any raw data files be needed in another format, they are available from the corresponding author upon request.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria

    Mary Adejoke Ajala & Elijah Olawale Ajala

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria

    Mary Adejoke Ajala, Ambali Saka Abdulkareem & Abdulsalami Sanni Kovo

  3. Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria

    Ambali Saka Abdulkareem, Abdulsalami Sanni Kovo & Jimoh Oladejo Tijani

  4. Nanotechnology Research Group, Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CGEB), Federal University of Technology, Bosso, P.M.B 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria

    Mary Adejoke Ajala & Jimoh Oladejo Tijani

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  1. Mary Adejoke Ajala
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  2. Ambali Saka Abdulkareem
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  3. Abdulsalami Sanni Kovo
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  4. Jimoh Oladejo Tijani
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Correspondence to Mary Adejoke Ajala.

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Ajala, M.A., Abdulkareem, A.S., Kovo, A.S. et al. Synthesis of Ag2O-TiO2-Kaolinite Clay Nanocomposite for Efficient Removal of Mn2+, Fe3+, Cu2+, and Pb2+ and Pathogens in Mining Wastewater. Water Air Soil Pollut 235, 42 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-023-06811-w

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