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Biodegradation Studies of Phenol, Diclofenac, and Pentachlorophenol in a Packed Bed Reactor Loaded with Immobilized White Rot Fungus Lentinus sajor-caju Biomass

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Abstract

A white rot fungus “Lentinus sajor-caju” was immobilized in Ca-alginate beads via entrapment. This method was used to increase fungal biodegradation activity and to allow immobilized fungal recycling and reuse. The mechanical strength of the fungal biomass–immobilized Ca-alginate beads was stable about 95%. The degradation rates of the three different phenolic compounds (i.e., phenol, diclofenac, and pentachlorophenol) from synthetic wastewaters were studied using the immobilized L. sajor-caju. Under optimized conditions, the biodegradation performance of the immobilized fungal biomass was studied in a packed bed reactor at different substrate concentrations. The degradation rates of the immobilized L. sajor-caju for phenol was 100% for 60 h, while for diclofenac and pentachlorophenol were found to be 87 and 51% when incubated for 120 h at 30 °C and determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The toxicity of the phenol, diclofenac, and pentachlorophenol and their degradation products was evaluated by using three different bio-indicators organisms: (i) Daphnia magna (a freshwater microcrustaceane), (ii) a fresh water green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, and (iii) Triticum aestivum L. (Turkish winter wheat). In addition, the reusability and efficiency of the same immobilized biomass were tested in successive biodegradation studies in the continuous system. These results suggest that the immobilized L. sajor-caju for degrading phenol, diclofenac, and pentachlorophenol can provide a cheap and easy approach for the removal of phenolic compounds.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biochemical Processing and Biomaterial Research Laboratory, Gazi University, Teknikokullar, 06500, Ankara, Turkey

    Gulay Bayramoglu

  2. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Gazi University, Teknikokullar, 06500, Ankara, Turkey

    Gulay Bayramoglu & M. Yakup Arica

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  1. Gulay Bayramoglu
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GB: investigation, acquisition of data, validation, and writing—original draft; MYA: formal analysis, conceptualization, and writing—review and editing

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Correspondence to Gulay Bayramoglu.

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Bayramoglu, G., Arica, M.Y. Biodegradation Studies of Phenol, Diclofenac, and Pentachlorophenol in a Packed Bed Reactor Loaded with Immobilized White Rot Fungus Lentinus sajor-caju Biomass. Water Air Soil Pollut 234, 620 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-023-06634-9

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