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Spatio-temporal Changes of Water Quality Based on Water Quality Index Method in Tropical Lake of Indonesia

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Abstract

In recent years, the water quality of Lake Maninjau, Agam Regency has decreased significantly along with the uncontrolled growth of fish cages. This study aims to determine the water quality index of Lake Maninjau, Indonesia, with extensive fish cages and analyse spatio-temporal distribution of the water quality of the lake. The secondary data (2018–2020) and the primary data (July–December 2022) were used in this study. Results showed that the water quality of Lake Maninjau is rated “poor” with the water index value of 39.44. The middle of the lake is the most polluted area. Water quality in the middle of the lake was 28.27, pH 7.77, 4.38 mg TSS/L, 4.06 mg DO/L, 5.06 mg BOD5/L, 22.60 mg COD/L, 0.09 mg TP/L, 1.63 mg TN/L, 19.41 mg sulphate/L, and 24.80 mg sulphide/L. It indicates that the distribution of pollutants is evenly distributed throughout the area, confirmed by the locations of the fish cages which are evenly distributed. Furthermore, the temperature, TN, and sulphide showed significant differences throughout the years, whereas in terms of location, merely dissolved oxygen was considerably different. This phenomenon is possibly affected by the vertical mixing of the lake as hydrodynamic factors. Overall, the study provides insight into the water quality in Lake Maninjau as well as the contribution of the fish cages to its water quality.

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Data Availability

The data that supports the findings of this study are available within the article and its supplementary material.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Lia Arlina, Rahmadhany Utami, Muhammad Reza, Farel Denta, and Faiz Zahran for the help in the sampling preparation.

Funding

This research was supported by the Riset Kolaborasi Indonesia (RKI) Skema C (Mitra) Contract Number 434-05/UN7.D2/PP/VI/2022 (host), T/46/UN.16.17/PT.01.03/IS-RKI Skema C (Mitra)/2022 (co-host), and NKB-1085/UN2.RST/HKP.05.00/2022 (co-host) and partially from Riset Kolaborasi Indonesia (RKI) Skema C Contract Number 391-05/UN7.D2/PP/V/2023 Scheme C (host), 8/UN. 16.19/PT.01.03/IS-RKI + Skema C (Mitra)/2023 (co-host), and NKB-1076/UN2.RST/HKP.05.00/2023 (co-host).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia

    Puti Sri Komala, Budhi Primasari, Tivany Edwin, Ridwan Ridwan, Elsa Rahmadiningsih & Regina Mardatillah

  2. Cluster for Paleolimnology (CPalim), Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia

    Tri Retnaningsih Soeprobowati & Luki Subehi

  3. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universitas Dionegoro, Semarang, Indonesia

    Tri Retnaningsih Soeprobowati

  4. School of Postgraduate Studies, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia

    Tri Retnaningsih Soeprobowati

  5. Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia

    Noverita Dian Takarina

  6. Research Center for Limnology and Water Resources, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong, Jakarta, Indonesia

    Luki Subehi

  7. Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland

    Marta Wojewódka-Przybył

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Contributions

Puti Sri Komala and Tri Retnaningsih Soeprobowati concepted, compiled, and analyse the manuscript. Noverita Dian Takarina and Budhi Primasari performed water quality analysis; Luki Subehi and Ridwan designed the field experiment; Marta Wojewodka Przybil participated in the interpretation of the results and manuscript preparation; and Tivany Edwin, Elsa Rahmadiningsih, and Regina Mardatillah prepared the methodology and the statistics analysis.

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Correspondence to Tri Retnaningsih Soeprobowati.

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Komala, P.S., Soeprobowati, T.R., Takarina, N.D. et al. Spatio-temporal Changes of Water Quality Based on Water Quality Index Method in Tropical Lake of Indonesia. Water Air Soil Pollut 234, 594 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-023-06599-9

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