Abstract
Fast abnormal event detection meets the growing demand to process an enormous number of surveillance videos. Based on the inherent redundancy of video structures, we propose an efficient sparse combination learning framework with both batch and online solvers. It achieves decent performance in the detection phase without compromising result quality. The extremely fast execution speed is guaranteed owing to the fact that our method effectively turns the original complicated problem into a few small-scale least square optimizations. Our method reaches high detection rates on benchmark datasets at a speed of 1000–1200 frames per second on average when computing on an ordinary single core desktop PC using MATLAB.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adam, A., Rivlin, E., Shimshoni, I., & Reinitz, D. (2008). Robust real-time unusual event detection using multiple fixed-location monitors. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 30(3), 555–560.
Antic, B., & Ommer, B. (2011). Video parsing for abnormality detection. In International conference on computer vision (ICCV) (pp. 2415–2422).
Basharat, A., Gritai, A., & Shah, M. (2008). Learning object motion patterns for anomaly detection and improved object detection. In IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR) (pp. 1–8).
Beck, A., & Teboulle, M. (2009). A fast iterative shrinkage-thresholding algorithm for linear inverse problems. SIAM Journal on Imaging Sciences, 2(1), 183–202.
Benezeth, Y., Jodoin, P.-M., Saligrama, V., & Rosenberger, C. (2009). Abnormal events detection based on spatio-temporal co-occurences. In IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR).
Bertsekas, D. P. (1999). Nonlinear programming. Belmont, MA: Athena Scientific.
Chandola, V., Banerjee, A., & Kumar, V. (2009). Anomaly detection: A survey. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), 41(3), 15.
Cheng, K.-W., Chen, Y.-T., & Fang, W.-H. (2015). Video anomaly detection and localization using hierarchical feature representation and Gaussian process regression. In IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR) (pp. 2909–2917).
Combettes, P. L., & Wajs, V. R. (2005). Signal recovery by proximal forward-backward splitting. Multiscale Modeling & Simulation, 4(4), 1168–1200.
Cong, Y., Yuan, J., & Liu, J. (2011). Sparse reconstruction costs for abnormal event detection. In IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR) (pp. 3449–3456).
Cui, X., Liu, Q., Gao, M., & Metaxas, D. N. (2011). Abnormal detection using interaction energy potentials. In IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR) (pp. 3161–3167).
Elhamifar, E., & Vidal, R. (2009). Sparse subspace clustering. In IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR).
Elhamifar, E., & Vidal, R. (2013). Sparse subspace clustering: Algorithm, theory, and applications. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 35(11), 2765–2781.
Fischler, M. A., & Bolles, R. C. (1981). Random sample consensus: a paradigm for model fitting with applications to image analysis and automated cartography. Communications of the ACM, 24(6), 381–395.
Jager, M., Knoll, C., & Hamprecht, F. A. (2008). Weakly supervised learning of a classifier for unusual event detection. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 17(9), 1700–1708.
Jiang, F., Wu, Y., & Katsaggelos, A. K. (2007). Abnormal event detection from surveillance video by dynamic hierarchical clustering. In ICIP (pp. 145–148).
Jiang, F., Wu, Y., & Katsaggelos, A. K. (2008). Abnormal event detection based on trajectory clustering by 2-depth greedy search. In IEEE international conference on acoustics, speech and signal processing (pp. 2129–2132).
Jianga, F., Yuan, J., Tsaftarisa, S. A., & Katsaggelosa, A. K. (2011). Anomalous video event detection using spatiotemporal context. Computer Vision and Image Understanding, 115(3), 323–333.
Jouseok, K., & Kyoungmu, L. (2012). A unified framework for event summarization and rare event detection. In IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR) (pp. 1266–1273).
Kaltsa, V., Briassouli, A., Kompatsiaris, I., Hadjileontiadis, L. J., & Strintzis, M. G. (2015). Swarm intelligence for detecting interesting events in crowded environments. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 24(7), 2153–2166.
Kim, J., & Grauman, K. (2009). Observe locally, infer globally: a space-time MRF for detecting abnormal activities with incremental updates. In IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR) (pp. 2921–2928).
Kratz, L., & Nishino, K. (2009). Anomaly detection in extremely crowded scenes using spatio-temporal motion pattern models. In IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR) (pp. 1446–1453).
Li, W., Mahadevan, V., & Vasconcelos, N. (2014). Anomaly detection and localization in crowded scenes. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 36(1), 18–22.
Lu, C., Shi, J., & Jia, J. (2013a). Abnormal event detection at 150 fps in matlab. In International conference on computer vision (ICCV).
Lu, C., Shi, J., & Jia, J. (2013b). Online robust dictionary learning. In IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR) (pp. 415–422).
Mahadevan, V., Li, W., Bhalodia, V., & Vasconcelos, N. (2010). Anomaly detection in crowded scenes. In IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR).
Mairal, J., Bach, F., Ponce, J., & Sapiro, G. (2010). Online learning for matrix factorization and sparse coding. The Journal of Machine Learning Research, 11, 19–60.
Ma, Y., Yang, A. Y., Derksen, H., & Fossum, R. (2008). Estimation of subspace arrangements with applications in modeling and segmenting mixed data. SIAM Review, 50(3), 413–458.
Mehran, R., Oyama, A., & Shah, M. (2009). Abnormal crowd behavior detection using social force model. In IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR).
Nowak, R. D, & Wright, S. J., et al. (2007). Gradient projection for sparse reconstruction: Application to compressed sensing and other inverse problems. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing.
Osborne, M. R., Presnell, B., & Turlach, B. A. (2000). A new approach to variable selection in least squares problems. IMA Journal of Numerical Analysis, 20(3).
Peng, X, Zhang, L., & Yi, Z. (2013). Scalable sparse subspace clustering. In IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR).
Pruteanu-Malinici, I., & Carin, L. (2008). Infinite hidden Markov models for unusual-event detection in video. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 17(5), 811–822.
Saligrama, V., & Chen, Z. (2012a). Video anomaly detection based on local statistical aggregates. In IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR) (pp. 2112–2119).
Saligrama, V., & Chen, Z. (2012b). Video anomaly detection based on local statistical aggregates. In IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR) (pp. 2112–2119).
Shet, V. D., Harwood, D., & Davis, L. S. (2006). Multivalued default logic for identity maintenance in visual surveillance. In European conference on computer vision (ECCV).
Shi, Y., Gao, Y., & Wang, R. (2010). Real-time abnormal event detection in complicated scenes. In International conference on pattern recognition (ICPR) (pp. 3653–3656).
Shi, J., Ren, X., Dai, G., Wang, J., & Zhang, Z. (2011). A non-convex relaxation approach to sparse dictionary learning. In IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR) (pp. 1809–1816).
Szabo, Z., Poczos, B., & Lorincz, A. (2011). Online group-structured dictionary learning. In IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR) (pp. 2865–2872).
Trevor, H., Robert, T., & Friedman, J. H. (2001). The elements of statistical learning. New York: Springer.
Unusual Crowd Activity Dataset. http://mha.cs.umn.edu/Movies/Crowd-Activity-All.avi.
Vidal, R., Ma, Y., & Sastry, S. (2005). Generalized principal component analysis. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 27(12), 1945–1959.
Wang, X., Ma, X., & Grimson, E. (2007). Unsupervised activity perception by hierarchical bayesian models. In IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR) (pp. 1–8).
Wu, S., Moore, B. E., & Shah, M. (2010). Chaotic invariants of Lagrangian particle trajectories for anomaly detection in crowded scenes. In IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR).
Xu, D., Ricci, E., Yan, Y., Song, J., & Sebe, N. (2015). Learning deep representations of appearance and motion for anomalous event detection. arXiv preprint arXiv:1510.01553.
Yang, J., & Zhang, Y. (2011). Alternating direction algorithms for \(\backslash \)ell\_1-problems in compressive sensing. SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing, 33(1), 250–278.
Zhang, D., Gatica-Perez, D., Bengio, S., & McCowan, I. (2005). Semi-supervised adapted hmms for unusual event detection. In IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR).
Zhao, B., Fei-Fei, L., & Xing, E. P. (2011). Online detection of unusual events in videos via dynamic sparse coding. In IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR).
Zhong, H., Shi, J., & Visontai, M. (2004). Detecting unusual activity in video. In IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR).
Acknowledgements
This work is supported by the National Science Foundation China, under Grant 61772332,51675342,61133009 and by a Grant from the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong SAR (Project No. 2150760).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Additional information
Communicated by Kristen Grauman.
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lu, C., Shi, J., Wang, W. et al. Fast Abnormal Event Detection. Int J Comput Vis 127, 993–1011 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-018-1129-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-018-1129-8