Abstract
The present study was undertaken to assess the ameliorative effect of dietary supplementation of astaxanthin in Sirohi goats under simulated heat stress conditions. Eighteen healthy female Sirohi goats were divided equally into three groups (n = 6): Heat-Stressed Control (HSC), Treatment 1 (T1), and Treatment 2 (T2). During the experiment, goats in the T1 group were supplemented with astaxanthin at the rate of 25 mg/animal/day, while those in the T2 group received supplementation of 50 mg/animal/day. The experiment was conducted for 42 days: 14 days of acclimatization period, next 21 days animals were exposed to 42ºC for 6 h from 09:00 h to 15:00 h and 7 days of recovery period. On a daily basis, we recorded the physiological responses of goats and collected environmental data at the experimental site. Blood samples were collected 0 and 14th days of acclimatization, on 1st, 6th, 11th, 16th and 21st day of heat exposure and on the 7th day of the recovery period. The rectal temperature and respiration rates of the treatment groups were lower than those of the HSC group during the exposure period. Heat stress in the supplemented groups was associated with reduced levels of hepatic enzymes such as AST and ALT. Serum urea, creatinine and albumin levels were significantly (P < 0.05) different between control and treatment groups. It was thus concluded that dietary inclusion of antioxidant astaxanthin can ameliorate induced thermal load as evident from changes in physio-biochemical parameters in the Sirohi goats, that was more prominent at 50 mg/ animal/day than 25 mg/ animal/day.
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Abbreviations
- HS:
-
Heat Stress
- HSC:
-
Heat-Stressed Control
- T1:
-
Treatment 1
- T2:
-
Treatment 2
- RT:
-
Rectal temperature
- RR:
-
Respiration rate
- ROS:
-
Reactive Oxygen Species
- NF-κB:
-
Nuclear factor kappa B
- NEFA:
-
Nonesterified fatty acids
- RH:
-
Relative Humidity
- THI:
-
Temperature-Humidity Index
- AST:
-
Aspartate aminotransferase
- ALT:
-
Alanine aminotransferase
- TP:
-
Total Protein
- ANOVA:
-
Analysis of Variance
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Acknowledgements
We thank the support received from the National Initiative on Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) and Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) is gratefully acknowledged.
Funding
The funds were provided under the NICRA project; award number: F.No.- BUD/REL/NICRA/2013 − 141 Recipient: Gyanendra Singh, Ph. D.
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. VPM conceived and designed the study. GS and VSC provided all the resources. Sample collection and processing, data collection and analysis were performed by PMK, K K, LS and V. V. The first draft of the manuscript was written by P M. K. HAS, A, G V K and LK reviewed and commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read, discussed the results and approved the final manuscript for publication.
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The experimental study and animals were approved by the institutional animal ethics committee (IAEC) of ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, UP, India. Protocol number:IAEC/26.07.2021/L13. The animals acquired, experiment conducted, maintained and rehabilitated as performa ‘D’ of CPCSEA.
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Kittur, P.M., Karthiga, K., Sarma, L. et al. Astaxanthin supplementation ameliorates simulated heat stress by regulating physio-biochemical responses in Sirohi goats. Vet Res Commun (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-024-10327-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-024-10327-x