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Large, concealed islands in the urban sea: Scattered surrounding green space enhances the quality of grassland habitats in urban parks, Tokyo

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Abstract

Urbanization is recognized as a major threat to biodiversity. Within an urbanized area, habitats such as forests and grasslands are often fragmented. Matrixes between fragmented habitats can influence the biodiversity because some of these can act as habitats for some species (hospitable matrixes). The importance of matrixes for biodiversity within the landscape, i.e., the fragmented habitat and matrix, can be influenced by the dispersal ability of the species within the landscape because this can affect the availability of the hospitable matrix. In this study, we evaluated the effects of both local conditions and the surrounding matrix on the species diversity of two taxa with different dispersal abilities, i.e., Carabidae, which has relatively low dispersal ability, and Heteroptera, which has relatively high dispersal ability, in the grassland of urban parks in Tokyo, the most populated region in Japan. The diversity of Carabidae was not strongly influenced by the local habitat size or the amount of surrounding hospitable matrix; however, Heteroptera was strongly influenced by both the local habitat size and amount of surrounding hospitable matrix. Thus, fragmented small habitats might have higher habitat quality depending on the surrounding hospitable matrix for species with relatively high dispersal ability. To promote biodiversity conservation in urban parks, both local habitat management and matrix management are required.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The Tokyo local government provided the city planning GIS data. This study was partially supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI grant number 20K06096. Two anonymous reviewers and editor provided many useful suggestions.

Funding

This study was partially supported by JSPS KAKENHI grant number 20K06096.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Osawa 1-1, Hachiouji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan

    Seiichiro Ohata, Takeshi Osawa & Nozomu Sato

  2. Department of Information and Computer Sciences, Graduate School of Science & Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura Ward, Saitama City, 338-8570, Japan

    Narumasa Tsutsumida

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  1. Seiichiro Ohata
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  2. Takeshi Osawa
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  3. Nozomu Sato
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  4. Narumasa Tsutsumida
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Contributions

SO and TO contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by SO and TO. SO and NS identified specimens. NT conducted establishing remote sensing products. TO led the manuscript and all authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Takeshi Osawa.

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Ohata, S., Osawa, T., Sato, N. et al. Large, concealed islands in the urban sea: Scattered surrounding green space enhances the quality of grassland habitats in urban parks, Tokyo. Urban Ecosyst 26, 641–649 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-022-01311-x

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