Abstract
Fowl typhoid (FT) is an economically significant bacterial disease of layers leading to a drastic drop in egg production. Due to increased public health concerns about antibiotics in poultry feed, a search for new safe antimicrobials for treating fowl typhoid is crucial. The antimicrobial effect of cinnamaldehyde essential oil (CnEO) against fowl typhoid in layers was investigated in this experiment. The 60-week-old BV300-layer birds (n = 100) were divided into five groups: the non-challenged control group A, only cinnamaldehyde-treated group B (CnEO @ 1:8000 dilutions through drinking water for 60 days), the challenged group C, challenged plus cinnamaldehyde therapy group D (CnEO @ 1:8000 dilutions through drinking water from 16 to 30 dpi), and challenged plus antibiotic therapy group E (chloramphenicol @ 1 gm/5lit through drinking water from 16 to 30 dpi). Hens from all challenged groups were challenged with Salmonella Gallinarum (VTCCBAA588) @ 1 × 108 CFU/ml orally. Various parameters such as clinical signs, mortality, egg production and egg weight, colony-forming unit (CFU) count of cecal content, eggshell surface, and egg yolk were evaluated all through 60 days of an experimental trial. Results indicated that, in the case of the cinnamaldehyde therapeutic group, there was a significant improvement in egg production, mild clinical signs, lower feed conversion ratio (FCR), and a significantly lower bacterial count in ceca and on the eggshell surface compared to the control challenge group. Thus, CnEO @ 1:8000 dilutions through drinking water can be a potential antimicrobial for controlling fowl typhoid.
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All the datasets of the present study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are thankful to Poultry Research and Training Centre, NVC, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India, for providing facilities for rearing the experimental birds. The authors also thank NCVTC, Hisar, Haryana, India, and IgY Immunologixs India Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad, India, for providing Salmonella Gallinarum culture and CnEO, respectively.
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This work was supported by a financial grant from the National Agricultural Science Fund (ICAR-NASF; NASF/ABA-8007) to Deepak Rawool, Sukhadeo Barbuddhe, Jess Vergis, and Nitin Kurkure.
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Study conception, design, and fund acquisition: Nitin Kurkure, Sukhadeo Barbuddhe, Jess Vergis, and Deepak Rawool; material preparation, investigation, and data collection: Vaibhav Patil and Shweta Badar; poultry experimental supervision: Mukund Kadam; formal analysis; Madhuri Hedau, Megha Kaore, and Sandeep Chaudhari; manuscript draft preparation: Vaibhav Patil; critical draft revision: Nitin Kurkure. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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The experimental protocols were approved by Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (IAEC approval 244/GO/ReBi-S/Re- L/2000/CPCSEA.; NVC/IAEC/03/2021), Nagpur Veterinary College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
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Patil, V., Hedau, M., Kaore, M. et al. Potential of cinnamaldehyde essential oil as a possible antimicrobial against fowl typhoid in layers. Trop Anim Health Prod 55, 126 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-023-03543-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-023-03543-1