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Antimicrobials use and their indications in dairy farm and individual farmer production conditions in southern India

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Abstract

Antimicrobials use (AMU) is the key driver for development of antimicrobials resistant (AMR) pathogen in human and veterinary medicines. Therefore, understanding AMU pattern is prerequisite for focused intervention on AMR. The aim of this study was to understand the AMU pattern and their indications in dairy farm and individual farmer production conditions in southern India. Treatment registers of 6 years (2012 to 2017) containing 3178 cases from dairy farm and 12,057 cases during 2017–2019 under individual farmer production conditions were collected and analyzed by log-linear model. Seasons were classified as rainy (Jul–Oct), winter (Nov–Feb), and summer (Mar–June) as per climatic conditions in the study area. It is observed that mastitis, lameness, and reproductive problems were major health disorders among treated animals in farm and individual farmer production conditions. Season had significant influence on proportional rates of various health disorders in crossbred cows under both the production conditions. AMU pattern was different between the breeds and production conditions. Antibiotics were the most commonly used group of drugs (23–28%) than non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (20%), antihistamine (17%), and nutrient supplements (14–16%). Antibiotics were mostly used for mastitis (47–67%) than other conditions like fever (18%), reproductive problems (15%), and lameness (16%). For treating mastitis, cephalosporins and gentamicin were most commonly used under individual farmer production condition, while penicillin group was frequently used in farm. It is concluded that mastitis is the most common indication for AMU in dairy animals and thus developing appropriate guidelines for mastitis treatment and control is necessary to reduce overall AMU.

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Acknowledgements

Authors are thankful to The Director, ICAR-NDRI for providing needful facilities. Authors are also thankful to in-charge, veterinarian, and staffs of LRC, SRS of ICAR-NDRI and officers of BAMUL, particularly deputy manager, and veterinarians at Devanahalli camp office for their support and assistance.

Funding

The funds for the study were provided by institute funds, ICAR-NDRI, Karnal. ICAR-NDRI, Karnal

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Livestock Research Centre (LRC), Southern Regional Station (SRS), ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Adugodi, Bengaluru, 560 030, Karnataka, India

    Deepak Sharma

  2. LRC, SRS, ICAR-NDRI, Adugodi, Bengaluru, India

    Ayyasamy Manimaran

  3. Theriogenology Laboratory, SRS, ICAR-NDRI, Adugodi, Bengaluru, India

    Arumugam Kumaresan

  4. Economics and Statistics Section, SRS, ICAR-NDRI, Adugodi, Bengaluru, India

    Muniandy Sivaram

  5. Division of Animal Nutrition, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bengaluru, India

    Duraisamy Rajendran

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  1. Deepak Sharma
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  4. Muniandy Sivaram
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Contributions

AM, AK, and DR conceptualized and designed research. DS collected and processed data. MS, AM, and DS analyzed data. AM wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript and agreed with the order of presentation of the authors.

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Correspondence to Ayyasamy Manimaran.

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The study was duly approved by Institute Animal Ethics Committee.

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Consent taken from Bengaluru Milk Union Limited (BAMUL) at Devanahalli camp office for the collection of the required data.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Sharma, D., Manimaran, A., Kumaresan, A. et al. Antimicrobials use and their indications in dairy farm and individual farmer production conditions in southern India. Trop Anim Health Prod 54, 29 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-021-03025-2

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