Abstract
Three experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of different molting methods on the growth performance, detection of estrogen receptors (ERs), and immunohistochemical properties of some tissues in pre-, during, and post-molting of layers. In experiment 1, 302 Hy-line W-36 were reared from 75 to 76 weeks. In experiment 2, a total of 252 Hy-line W-36 were randomly allocated to 7 groups, with 6 replications and 6 birds in each. Hens fed in the E and D groups reached 30% of loss weight sooner (P < 0.05). Egg production was also sooner stopped in the FW group than in other ones (P < 0.05). In experiment 3, after inducing molting, each group in experiment 2 was divided into 2 groups with and without Humulus lupulus (Hop). The E group feed intake was increased, as compared to groups F and C (P < 0.05). A significant increase in egg weight was found by applying Hop and molting methods (P < 0.05). Days for return to the initial egg production and 10% egg laying were significantly decreased in the birds fed by Hop in the E and D groups (P < 0.05). The W-D, N-D, W-E, and N-E groups sooner returned to 50% egg laying, in comparison to other treatments (P < 0.05). Plasma estrogen and ERs were decreased by the molting programs, as compared with pre-molting; however, Hop increased their post-molting. After the molting period, egg production and ERs were increased significantly, as compared with the pre-molting period. To conclude, the white button mushroom residual, through decreasing ERs, could be used successfully for forced molting, and Hop could lead to a good performance by increasing ERs in the second laying cycle.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ahangarpour, A., Lamoochi, Z., Moghaddam, H. F., Mansouri, S.M.T., 2016. Effects of Portulaca oleracea ethanolic extract on reproductive system of aging female mice, International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine. 14: 205.-212. PMCID: PMC4899767
Anderson, K.E., Havenstein, G.B., 2007. Effects of alternative molting programs and population on layer performance: Results of the thirty-fifth North Carolina layer performance and management test, Journal of applied poultry research. 16: 365-380. https://doi.org/10.1093/japr/16.3.365
Anjum, A.D., Payne, L.N., 1988. Concentration of steroid sex hormones in the plasma of hens in relation to oviduct tumours, British Poultry Science. 29: 729-734. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071668808417101
Anjum, A.D., Payne, L.N., Appleby, E.C., 1989. Oestrogen and progesterone receptors and their relationship to histological grades of epithelial tumours of the magnum region of the oviduct of the domestic fowl, Journal of comparative pathology. 100: 275-286. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9975(89)90105-9
Aygun, A., 2013. Effects of force molting on eggshell colour, egg production and quality traits in laying hens, Revue de Médecine Vétérinaire. 164: 46-51.
Bansal, N., Katz, R., De Boer, I.H., Kestenbaum, B., Siscovick, D.S., Hoofnagle, A.N., Li, D., 2013. Influence of estrogen therapy on calcium, phosphorus, and other regulatory hormones in postmenopausal women: the MESA study, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 98: 4890-4898. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2013-2286
Bar, A., 2009. Calcium transport in strongly calcifying laying birds: mechanisms and regulation, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology. 152: 447-469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.11.020
Bar, A., Aphkovsky, V., Shinder, D., Vax, E., 2003. Alternative procedures for molt induction: Practical aspects, Poultty Science. 82: 543-550. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/82.4.543
Bell, D.D., 2003. Historical and current molting practices in the US table egg industry, Poultry Science.82: 965-970. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/82.6.965
Bortoluzzi, C., Menten, J.F.M., Romano, G.G., Pereira, R., Napty, G.S., 2014. Effect of hops β-acids (Humulus lupulus) on performance and intestinal health of broiler chickens, Journal of Applied Poultry Research. 23: 437-443. https://doi.org/10.3382/japr.2013-00926
Chen, S., Oh, S.R., Phung, S., Hur, G., Ye, J.J., Kwok, S.L., Williams, D., 2006. Anti-aromatase activity of phytochemicals in white button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus), Cancer research. 66:12026-12034. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-2206
Donalson, L.M., Kim, W.K., Woodward, C.L., Herrera, P., Kubena, L.F., Nisbet, D.J., Ricke, S.C., 2005. Utilizing different ratios of alfalfa and layer ration for molt induction and performance in commercial laying hens, Poultry Science 84:362-369. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/84.3.362
Dorn, C., Kraus, B., Motyl, M., Weiss, T.S., Gehrig, M., Schölmerich, J., Hellerbrand, C., 2010. Xanthohumol, a chalcon derived from hops, inhibits hepatic inflammation and fibrosis, Molecular Nutrition and Food Research. 54: S205-S213. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.200900314
Elkhier, T., Hassaballa, S.E., Omer, S.A.E., Adam, A., 2017. Effect of estradiol benzoate injection to male rabbits on glucose, total protein, albumin, calcium concentrations and prostate tissue, J Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research. 4: 15-21. https://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2017.d184
Evaris, E., Sarmiento-Franco, L.A., Segura-Correa, J.C., Capetillo-Leal, C.M., 2015. Effect of dietary inclusion of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) on yolk omega-3 fatty acids content, egg quality and productive performance of Rhode Island Red hens, Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems. 18: 33-38. http://www.revista.ccba.uady.mx/urn:ISSN:1870-0462-tsaes.v18i1.1943
Hansen, K.K., Kittok, R.J., Sarath, G., Toombs, C.F., Caceres, N., Beck, M.M., 2003. Estrogen receptor-alpha populations change with age in commercial laying hens, Poultry Science. 82: 1624-1629. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/82.10.1624
Holt, P.S., 2003. Molting and Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis infection: The problem and some solutions. Poultry Science. 82: 1008-1010. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/82.6.1008
Hussein, M.A., 2010. Purslane extract effects on obesity-induced diabetic rats fed a high-fat diet, Malaysian journal of nutrition.16: 419-429.
Karabin, M., Hudcova, T., Jelinek, L., Dostalek, P., 2015. Biotransformations and biological activities of hop flavonoids, Biotechnology advances. 33: 1063-1090. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.02.009
Klok, M.D., Jakobsdottir, S., Drent, M.L., 2007. The role of leptin and ghrelin in the regulation of food intake and body weight in humans: a review, Obesity reviews. 8, 21-34. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2006.00270.x
Kwiecieñ, M., Winiarska-Mieczan, A., 2009. Effect of addition of herbs on body weight and assessment of physical and chemical alterations in the tibia bones of broiler chickens, Journal of elementology. 14: 705-715. https://doi.org/10.5601/jelem.2009.14.4.705-715
Liu, M., Hansen, P.E., Wang, G., Qiu, L., Dong, J., Yin, H., Qian, Z., Yang, M., Miao, J., 2015. Pharmacological profile of xanthohumol, a prenylated flavonoid from hops (Humulus lupulus), Molecules. 20: 754-779. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules20010754
Long, X., Fan, M., Bigsby, R.M., Nephew, K. P., 2008. Apigenin inhibits antiestrogen-resistant breast cancer cell growth through estrogen receptor-α-dependent and estrogen receptor-α-independent mechanisms, Molecular cancer therapeutic. 7: 2096-2108. https://doi.org/10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-07-2350
Monteiro, R., Becker, H., Azevedo, I., Calhau, C., 2006. Effect of hop (Humulus lupulus L.) flavonoids on aromatase (estrogen synthase) activity, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 54: 2938-2943. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf053162t
Moustafa, G.Z., Anwer, W., Badawy, E.M., 2010. Effect of induced molting on performance of Cobb broiler breeders under field condition, Archiv für Geflügelkunde. 74: 87-93.
North, M.O., Bell D.D., 1990 Commercial chicken production manual, NORTH M.O. and BELL D.D. (eds), 4th edition, Chapman & Hall, New York, NY, pp.: 409.
Overk, C.R., Guo, J., Chadwick, L.R., Lantvit, D.D., Minassi, A., Appendino, G., van Breemen, R.B., 2008. In vivo estrogenic comparisons of Trifolium pratense (red clover) Humulus lupulus (hops), and the pure compounds isoxanthohumol and 8-prenylnaringenin, Chemico-biological interactions. 176: 30-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2008.06.005
Özyigit, M.Ö., Sönmez, G., 2007. Immunohistochemical expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors in oviduct adenocarcinomas in laying hens, Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences. 31: 325-332.
Purohit, A., Newman, S.P., Reed, M.J., 2002. The role of cytokines in regulating estrogen synthesis: implications for the etiology of breast cancer, Breast Cancer Research. 4: 65-69. https://doi.org/10.1186/bcr425
Qin, X., Klandorf, H., 1995. Effect of estrogen on egg production, shell quality and calcium metabolism in molted hens. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Comp, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Endocrinology. 110: 55-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/0742-8413(94)00076-M
Rafeeq, M., Rashid, N., Awan, M.A., Tariq, M.M., Abbas, F., Ahmed, Z., Taj, I., 2013. Effect of Forced Molting on body characteristics and post-molting egg production performance of Layers in Quetta, Pakistan, Revista Brasileira de Ciência Avícola. 15: 347-351. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-635X2013000400009
Ricke, S.C., Dunkley, C.S., Durant, J.A., 2013. A review on development of novel strategies for controlling Salmonella Enteritidis colonization in laying hens: fiber-based molt diets, Poultry Science. 92: 502-525. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2012-02763
Silva-Mendonça, M.C. A., Fagundes, N.S., Mendonça, G.A., Gonçalves, F.C., Fonseca, B.B., Mundim, A.V., Fernandes, E.A., 2015. Comparison of moulting methods for layers: high-zinc diet versus fasting, British Poultry Science. 56: 598-604. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2015.1084412
Statistical Analytical Systems., 2012. SAS 9.4 for Windows x64 Based Systems. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC 27513, USA
Twardowski, P., Kanaya, N., Frankel, P., Synold, T., Ruel, C., Pal, S. K., Chen, S., 2015. A phase I trial of mushroom powder in patients with biochemically recurrent prostate cancer: Roles of cytokines and myeloid-derived suppressor cells for Agaricus bisporus–induced prostate-specific antigen responses, Cancer. 121: 2942-2950. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.29421
Van Cromphaut, S.J., Rummens, K., Stockmans, I., Van Herck, E., Dijcks, F.A., Ederveen, A.G.H., Carmeliet, P., Verhaeghe, J., Bouillon, R., Carmeliet, G., 2003. Intestinal calcium transporter genes are upregulated by estrogens and the reproductive cycle through vitamin D receptor-independent mechanisms, Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 18: 1725-1736. https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.2003.18.10.1725
Wistedt, A., Ridderstråle, Y., Wall, H., Holm, L., 2014. Exogenous estradiol improves shell strength in laying hens at the end of the laying period, Acta veterinaria scandinavica. 56: 34. https://doi.org/10.1186/1751-0147-56-34
Wistedt, A., Ridderstråle, Y., Wall, H., Holm, L., 2019. Age-related changes in the shell gland and duodenum in relation to shell quality and bone strength in commercial laying hen hybrids, Acta veterinaria scandinavica. 61: 14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13028-019-0449-1
Xu, X., Yu, L., Chen, G., 2006. Determination of flavonoids in Portulaca oleracea L. by capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection, Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. 41: 493-499. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2006.01.013
Yousaf, M., Chaudhry, A.S., 2008. History, changing scenarios and future strategies to induce moulting in laying hens, World’s Poultry Science Journal. 64: 65-75. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043933907001729
Yousaf, M.S., Rahman, Z.U., Sandhu, M.A., Bukhari, S.A., Yousaf, A., 2009. Comparison of the fast-induced and high dietary zinc-induced molting: trace elements dynamic in serum and eggs at different production stages in hens (Gallus domesticus), Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition. 93: 35-43. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0396.2007.00775.x
Funding
Financial help was provided by Bu-Ali Sina University.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Abbass Ashoori: investigation, writing (original draft), methodology, formal analysis, data curation. Ali Asghar Saki: supervision, investigation, methodology, data curation, reviewing, and editing. Ahmad Ahmadi: advisor, formal and analysis, data curation. Mohammad Jafari: advisor, reviewing, and editing.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ashoori, A., Saki, A.A., Ahmadi, A. et al. Molting method alternative and detection of estrogen receptors by immunohistochemical methods on molted layers. Trop Anim Health Prod 53, 96 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-020-02509-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-020-02509-x