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Enhanced Aerobic Naphthalene Degradation Utilizing Indigenous Microbial Flora as a Biocatalyst in Oil-Contaminated Wastewater

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Abstract

Bacteria indigenous to oil-contaminated water exhibited diverse metabolic capabilities in degrading various aromatic and monoaromatic hydrocarbons. Out of the 28 bacterial strains isolated from the wastewater, each was cultivated with at least one hydrocarbon, including kerosene, naphthalene, toluene, diesel, or aniline. Among these strains, Pseudomonas putida AD-128 emerged as one of the most effective polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) degraders. Following a 6-day treatment period, strain P. putida AD-128 demonstrated proficiency in degrading various PAHs, including naphthalene, phenanthrene, and fluorine. After 6 days of incubation at 20 °C, the degradation of Naphthalene (NAP) notably increased. Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry analysis identified the degraded compounds, including pyruvic acid, salicylaldehyde, D-gluconic acid, and catechol. Optimal NAP degradation was observed at 20 °C and pH 6.0, with increased agitation speed correlating with enhanced bacterial growth and heightened degradation, particularly evident after 6 days at 20 °C. Peptone emerged as the most effective among the four nitrogen supplements (ammonium sulfate, potassium nitrate, beef extract, and peptone), significantly reducing residual naphthalene in the medium. The isolated indigenous bacterium, P. putida AD-128, exhibits robust capabilities in degrading PAHs under optimized conditions, making it a valuable asset for environmental management initiatives.

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Acknowledgements

The authors extend their appreciation to the Researchers supporting project number (RSP2024R190), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The authors express their gratitude for the assistance and collaboration received from the Department of Microbiology at Karpagam Academy of Higher Education in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India, as well as the management of MGR College in Hosur, Tamil Nadu.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Bioprocess Engineering Division, Smykon Biotech, Nagercoil, Tamil Nadu, India

    Ponnuswamy Vijayaraghavan

  2. Centre for Microbial Technology, Department of Microbiology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

    Veeramani Veeramanikandan & Bhathini Vaikuntavasan Pradeep

  3. PG Department of Botany, Government Arts College, Melur, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India

    Chinnathambi Pothiraj

  4. Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Khaloud Mohammed Alarjani & Dunia A. Al Farraj

  5. Centre for Herbal Pharmacology and Environmental Sustainability, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, 603103, India

    Van-Huy Nguyen

  6. PG and Research Centre in Biotechnology, MGR College, Hosur, Tamil Nadu, India

    Paulraj Balaji

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  1. Ponnuswamy Vijayaraghavan
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Vijayaraghavan, P., Veeramanikandan, V., Pradeep, B.V. et al. Enhanced Aerobic Naphthalene Degradation Utilizing Indigenous Microbial Flora as a Biocatalyst in Oil-Contaminated Wastewater. Top Catal (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11244-024-01953-5

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