Abstract
Cowslip (Primula veris subsp. veris) is an important medicinal herb, which produces valuable bioactive compounds including polyphenolic compounds and triterpene saponins, especially in its rhizomes and roots, exhibiting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. As a result, the extracts could be exploited by the industry as high-added value food supplements, drugs, and foaming agents. In the present study, the in vitro seed germination potential under different photoperiod regimes and culture periods was assessed (MS solidified medium + 250 mg L−1 GA3 + 20 sucrose g L−1). The results showed higher germination rate (85.29%) and acceleration of maximum germination potential (85 days) under 16 h photoperiod, as compared with 24 h darkness (78.05%, 110 days). Following that, the impacts of eight abiotic elicitors; salicylic acid (SA), casein hydrolysate (CH), L-proline, silver nitrate (AgNO3), cobalt chloride (CoCl2), jasmonic acid (JA), and putrescine, on total phenolics (TPC), flavonoids (TFC), and saponins content, and antioxidant activity on adventitious root cultures, were investigated. After 60 days of liquid culture [MS medium + 5.4 µM α-naphthaleacetic acid (NAA) + 0.5 µM kinetin + 30 g L−1 sucrose] on a continuous rotary shaker (120 rpm, 24 h darkness, 22 °C), TPC was stimulated by 250 µM SA (5.13 mg GAE g−1 DW) or 30 µM AgNO3 (4.75 mg GAE g−1 DW), being 2.06- and 1.91-fold higher than the non-elicited roots. SA at 250 µM obtained significantly greater TFC (2.00 mg RUT g−1 DW) and the strongest antioxidant activity (6.22 mg Trolox g−1 DW) by 2.2-fold, compared to control. The most remarkable augmentation on total saponins was determined under 50 µM JA (113.18 mg oleanolic acid g−1 DW), being 2.35-fold higher than the control. This study constitutes initial documentation for increased accumulation of phenolics, flavonoids, and saponins as strong antioxidants agents in cowslip adventitious roots via an in vitro abiotic elicitation system.
Key Message
SA (250 μM) best elicited phenols, flavonoids and antioxidant potential, whereas JA (50 μM) saponins accumulation in adventitious in vitro root liquid cultures of cowslip on a continuous rotary shaker.
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Acknowledgements
This research was supported (co-financed) by the European Regional Development Fund of the European Union and Greek national funds through the Operational Program Competitiveness, Entrepreneurship and Innovation, under the call RESEARCH - CREATE - INNOVATE (project code: Τ2ЕΔΚ-02927, MIS 5069915) entitled “Development and optimization of in vitro culture methods in bioreactors to produce repeatable and excellent quality plant material for extracts used in food supplements and cosmetics” (Acronym: BIOREACT). Author K.G. has received research support.
Funding
This research was supported (co-financed) by the European Regional Development Fund of the European Union and Greek national funds through the Operational Program Competitiveness, Entrepreneurship and Innovation, under the call RESEARCH - CREATE - INNOVATE (Grant no.: Τ2ЕΔΚ-02927, MIS 5069915).
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Conceptualization, KG; methodology, VS, ES and KG; software, VS and ES; validation, KG; formal analysis, VS, ES and KG; investigation, VS, ES and KG; resources, EM and KG; data curation, VS and ES; writing—original draft preparation, VS, ES and KG; writing—review and editing, VS, ES, EM and KG; visualization, VS, ES and KG; supervision, KG; project administration, KG; funding acquisition, KG. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
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Sarropoulou, V., Sarrou, E., Maloupa, E. et al. Abiotic elicitation of Primula veris subsp. veris in vitro towards the production of antioxidants and saponins in adventitious roots biomass. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 155, 827–842 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-023-02602-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-023-02602-7