Abstract
Metacercariae of two species of Posthodiplostomum Dubois, 1936 (Digenea: Diplostomidae) were subjected to morphological and molecular studies: P. brevicaudatum (von Nordmann, 1832) from Gasterosteus aculeatus (L.) (Gasterosteiformes: Gasterosteidae), Bulgaria (morphology, cox1 and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) and Perca fluviatilis L. (Perciformes: Percidae), Czech Republic (morphology, cox1, ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and 28S); and P. centrarchi Hoffman, 1958 from Lepomis gibbosus (L.) (Perciformes: Centrarchidae), Bulgaria (morphology, cox1 and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) and Slovakia (cox1 and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2). In addition, cercariae of P. cuticola (von Nordmann, 1832) from Planorbis planorbis (L.) (Mollusca: Planorbidae), Lithuania (morphology and cox1) and metacercariae of Ornithodiplostomum scardinii (Schulman in Dubinin, 1952) from Scardinius erythrophthalmus (L.) (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae), Czech Republic, were examined (morphology, cox1, ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and 28S). These represent the first molecular data for species of Posthodiplostomum and Ornithodiplostomum Dubois, 1936 from the Palaearctic. Phylogenetic analyses based on cox1 and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2, using O. scardinii as the outgroup and including the three newly-sequenced Posthodiplostomum spp. from Europe and eight published unidentified (presumably species-level) lineages of Posthodiplostomum from Canada confirmed the distinct status of the three European species (contrary to the generally accepted opinion that only P. brevicaudatum and P. cuticola occur in the Palaearctic). The subspecies Posthodiplostomum minimum centrarchi Hoffmann, 1958, originally described from North America, is elevated to the species level as Posthodiplostomum centrarchi Hoffman, 1958. The undescribed “Posthodiplostomum sp. 3” of Locke et al. (2010) from centrarchid fishes in Canada has identical sequences with the European isolates of P. centrarchi and is recognised as belonging to the same species. The latter parasite, occurring in the alien pumpkinseed sunfish Lepomis gibbosus in Europe, is also supposed to be alien for this continent. It is speculated that it colonised Europe long ago and is currently widespread (recorded in Bulgaria, Slovakia and Spain); based on the cox1 sequence of an adult digenean isolate from the Ebro Delta, Spain, only the grey heron (Ardea cinerea L.) (Ciconiiformes: Ardeidae) is known to be its definitive host in Europe.
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Acknowledgements
BS, PP and BBG are grateful to the Ministry of Environment and Waters of the Republic of Bulgaria for licenses (NCZP-151/11.05.2012 and NCZP-168/29.04.2013) to carry out studies in Atanasovsko Lake Reserve. The field study was based at Atanasovsko Lake Field Station of the Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences; the assistance of the staff of this station as well as of Dr Gergana P. Vasileva, Konstantin Popov and Dr Pavel Nikolov is acknowledged. AK and SG are grateful to Dr Mikuláš Oros (Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences) for help with sampling logistics along River Danube and Professor Tomáš Scholz (Institute of Parasitology, Czech Academy of Sciences) for providing fish from Lake Mácha. The constructive suggestions of an anonymous reviewer helped to improve the present article.
Funding
This study was partially supported by the Czech Science Foundation (project ECIP P505/12/G112) to AK, OK and SG. SG profits from a postdoctoral fellowship of the Czech Academy of Sciences. BS, PP and BBG used facilities developed in the frames of the projects WETLANET (FP7 CAPACITIES Grant 229802), CEBDER (National Science Fund, Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Bulgaria, Grant DO 02-15/2009). Field work was partially implemented on expenses of Grant YS DO 02-271/18.12.2008 (NSF, Bulgaria).
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Borislav Stoyanov and Simona Georgieva have contributed equally to this work.
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Stoyanov, B., Georgieva, S., Pankov, P. et al. Morphology and molecules reveal the alien Posthodiplostomum centrarchi Hoffman, 1958 as the third species of Posthodiplostomum Dubois, 1936 (Digenea: Diplostomidae) in Europe. Syst Parasitol 94, 1–20 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-016-9680-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-016-9680-6