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Betwixt and Between Global and Domestic Forms of Justice: The Israeli Case Over Time

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Abstract

The article explores the theoretical and empirical links between global and social domestic justice and the ways in which these links are mediated by local heritages. Using Israel as a case study, we examine the links between macro-level globalization trends and domestic ‘‘spheres of justice’’ as evaluated by secular youth in mainstream Jewish secular state schools. We use two separate datasets: one covering 9,140 students in 48 schools in 1986 (hegemonic Zionism), and another covering 2,542 students in 24 schools in 2011 (globalization). We find that while neoliberal globalization trends present a considerable challenge to the foundational Zionist pioneering ethos, Israeli adolescents today do not unanimously embrace neoliberal principles of global justice. This suggests they are guided by complex beliefs encompassing both neoliberal and more domestically driven principles, creating co-existing and at times contradictory social justice judgment profiles.

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Notes

  1. To justify aggregation, it is also important to demonstrate high within-group interrater agreement (r wg) (James, Demaree, & Wolf, 1993). Specifically, we found that among both advantaged and disadvantaged groups, 80 % of the SJJ units have an r wg ≤ .70 index value. This meets James et al.’s (1993) requirement for consistency within a group.

  2. An initial validation of the construct pertaining to resource-specific preferences for differentiation appears in a related study (Sabbagh & Resh, 2013) showing that a liberal conception of citizenship is related to preference for prestige/political equality, while a (Zionist) ethno-republican conception is related to preference for prestige/political preference. The liberal conception of citizenship, which assigns priority to personal freedom, was measured by items such as “jobs should be open to everyone” and “individual rights should be protected.” Conversely, the ethno-republican conception of citizenship was measured by items such as “key positions should be reserved to Jews” and “civil rights should be limited for the sake of the State's welfare.” Thus, it is reasonable to assume that our measures of prestige/political differentiation capture the description of the Israeli prestige/political spheres across the two historical periods.

  3. While the ordinary use of a repeated measures design is for examining levels that are time related (e.g., making pre-test and post-test evaluations), this design also involves the examination of other non-time-related levels such as resource classes which are specified in the current study (for examples across different areas, see Pernice-Duca, 2010). In a multivariate approach, repeated measure levels are usually correlated and treated as covariates of each other (Keselman et al., 1998; O’Brien & Kaister, 1985).

  4. In order verify the fitness of MANOVA for the analysis of our data, we examined whether the four repeated measures are significantly correlated. Correlations range from .272 to .419 so that they meet the condition for defining a within-subjects factor. Moreover, we examined the distribution of the dependent variables along several parameters; (a) As indicated by the Levene Test of Equality of Error Variances, the distributions in the two historical periods are comparable for prestige and money, but not for power and learning opportunities. Yet, these differences in the distributions' variance are taken into account by MANOVA-repeated measures. (b) The covariance matrices of the dependent variables across the historical periods are very similar. (c) The values of the Skewness (−.040 through −.209) and Kurtosis (−.066 through .666), which represent the normality of the dependent variables, are within the norm. In sum, these a-priority tests justify the use of MANOVA.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by THE ISRAEL SCIENCE FOUNDATION (Grant No. 568/09). We are thankful to Manfred Schmitt and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful comments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Educational Leadership and Policy, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, 31905, Israel

    Clara Sabbagh

  2. European Centre for Social Welfare Policy and Research, Berggasse 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria

    Pieter Vanhuysse

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  1. Clara Sabbagh
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Correspondence to Clara Sabbagh.

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Sabbagh, C., Vanhuysse, P. Betwixt and Between Global and Domestic Forms of Justice: The Israeli Case Over Time. Soc Just Res 27, 118–136 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11211-014-0206-6

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