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Solar Total Eclipse of 21 August 2017: Study of the Inner Corona Dynamical Events Leading to a CME

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Abstract

Total solar eclipse (TSE) coronal large- and small-scale events were reported in the historical literature but a definite synoptic coverage was missing for studying a relationship with the more general magnetic context of the solar-disk. We here analyze temporal changes in the solar corona before, during, and after the total solar eclipse on 21 August 2017 from a set of ground-based and of space-borne observations. High-quality ground-based white-light (W-L) observations and a deep image processing allow us to reveal these changes for the first time with a fraction of a minute temporal resolution. Displacements of a number of fine coronal features were measured for the first time at these small radial distances, using a diffraction-limited instrument at a single site. The comparison with space-based observations, including observations from the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) mission, showed that the features belong to a slow coronal mass ejection (CME) propagating through the corona with the nearly constant speed of 250 km s−1. Our TSE images provide the same typical velocity as measured at a distance of one solar radius from the surface. The event was initiated by coronal dynamics manifested by a prominence eruption that started just before the eclipse observations and an ascent of a U-shaped structure visible in the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) 171 Å channel, which we assume as the lower part of a coronal cavity. The prominence material was observed draining down towards the chromosphere along the prominence arch. While the prominence disappears in the STEREO-A field-of-view at the height of about 6′ above the limb, the corresponding flux rope seems to continue towards the outer corona and produces the slow CME with turbulent motion. The overall mass of the moving features is evaluated based on absolute photometrical data extracted from our best W-L eclipse image.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the SOHO, the STEREO, and the SDO scientific teams for the high-quality data they supply. The CME catalog is generated and maintained at the CDAW Data Center by NASA and The Catholic University of America in cooperation with the Naval Research Laboratory. SOHO is a project of international cooperation between ESA and NASA. STEREO is the third mission in NASA’s Solar Terrestrial Probes program. SDO is a mission of NASA’s Living With a Star Program. Some movies were created using the ESA and NASA funded Helioviewer Project.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation, Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk, Moscow, 108840, Russia

    Boris Filippov

  2. Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS and Sorbonne University, UMR 7095, 98 Bis Boulevard Arago, 75014, Paris, France

    Boris Filippov, Serge Koutchmy & Nicolas Lefaudeux

  3. Imagine Eyes, 18 rue Charles de Gaulle, 91400, Orsay, France

    Nicolas Lefaudeux

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  1. Boris Filippov
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  2. Serge Koutchmy
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  3. Nicolas Lefaudeux
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Correspondence to Boris Filippov.

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Filippov, B., Koutchmy, S. & Lefaudeux, N. Solar Total Eclipse of 21 August 2017: Study of the Inner Corona Dynamical Events Leading to a CME. Sol Phys 295, 24 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-020-1586-4

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