Abstract
The review of publications concerning the impact of increasing CO2 concentration in the Earth’s atmosphere (Ca) on higher terrestrial plants. The physiological changes in plants induced by increasing Ca, including growth and biochemical composition, the characteristics of photosynthesis and respiration, as well as the molecular mechanisms of the regulation of the activity of most important biosynthetic enzymes at early and late stages of the exposure to elevated Ca are under consideration. Various concepts of metabolic regulation during acclimation to increasing CO2 concentration are critically reviewed. The pathways of possible involvement of carbonic anhydrase-mediated systems of CO2 transport and concentration during C3 photosynthesis of higher plants, the metabolic and signal mechanisms of photosynthesis inhibition by carbohydrates and the role of ethylene at elevated Ca are presented. The effect of elevated Ca on plant development and source-sink relations, as well as its interaction with other environmental factors, such as mineral, primarily nitrogen nutrition, light, temperature, and water regime, are discussed in with the context of potential forecasting of the consequences of increase in Ca and temperature for the activities of various higher plant forms in the rapidly changing climate.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- C a :
-
CO2 concentration in air
- Rubisco-A:
-
Rubisco activase
- sCA:
-
soluble carbonic anhydrase
- SPS:
-
sucrose phosphate synthase
- P n :
-
photosynthetic CO2 exchange rate
- PSI and PSII:
-
photosystems I and II
- R d and R l :
-
respiration in darkness and in light respectively
- R/Sh:
-
roots/shoots weight ratio
REFERENCES
R.M. Gifford (1982) Global Photosynthesis in Relation to Our Food and Energy Needs Govindjii (Eds) Photosynthesis Development, Carbon Metabolism, and Plant Productivity Academic New York 459–495
R. Watson H. Rodhe H. Oescheger U.O. Siegenthaler (1990) Greenhouse Gases and Aerosols J.T. Houghton (Eds) et al. Climate Change: The Scientific Assessment Cambridge Univ. Press Cambridge 1–40
G. Bowes (1991) ArticleTitleGrowth at Elevated CO2: Photosynthetic Responses Mediated through Rubisco Plant Cell Environ. 14 795–806
M. Stitt (1991) ArticleTitleRising CO2 Levels and Their Potential Significance for Carbon Flow in Photosynthetic Cells Plant Cell Environ. 14 741–762
B.G. Drake M.A. Gonzàles-Meler S.P. Long (1997) ArticleTitleMore Efficient Plants: A Consequence of Rising Atmospheric CO2? Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 48 609–639
J.D. Cure B. Adcock (1986) ArticleTitleCrop Response to Carbon Dioxide Doubling: A Literature Survey Agric. Forest Meteorol. 38 127–145
B.I. Gulyaev (1986) ArticleTitleInfluence of CO2 Concentrations on Photosynthesis, Growth, and Productivity of Plants Fiziol. Biokh. Kul’t. Rast. 18 574–591
B.A. Kimball (1989) ArticleTitleCarbon Dioxide and Agriculture Yield: Assemblance and Analysis of 430 Prior Observations Agron. J. 75 779–788
J.F. Farrar M.L. Williams (1991) ArticleTitleThe Effects of Increased Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and Temperature on Carbon Partitioning, Source-Sink Relations, and Respiration Plant Cell Environ. 14 819–830
G. Bowes (1993) ArticleTitleFacing the Inevitable: Plants and Increasing Atmospheric CO2 Levels Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 44 309–332
O. Urban (2003) ArticleTitlePhysiological Impacts of Elevated CO2 Concentrations Ranging from Molecular to Whole Plant Response Photosynthetica 41 9–20
E.A. Ainsworth P.A. Davey C.J. Bernacchi O.C. Dermody E.A. Heaton D.J. Moore P.D. Morgan S.L. Naidu H.-Sh.Y. Ra X.G. Chu S.P. Curtis S.P. Long (2002) ArticleTitleA Meta-Analysis of Elevated [CO2] Effects on Soybean (Glycine max) Physiology, Growth and Yield Global Change Biol. 8 695–709
S. Seneweera S.K. Aben A.S. Basra B. Jones J.P. Conroy (2003) ArticleTitleInvolvement of Ethylene in the Morphological and Developmental Response of Rice to Elevated Atmospheric CO2 Concentrations Plant Growth Regul. 39 143–153
T.F. Andreeva L.E. Strogonova S.Yu. Stepanenko S.N. Maevskaya N.N. Protasova I.N. Murashov (1979) ArticleTitleDependence of Activity of the Photosynthetic Apparatus and Growth on Light Intensity and CO2 Concentration under Their Long-Time Action Fiziol. Rast. 26 1156–1162
V.A. Mudrik A.K. Romanova B.N. Ivanov N.S. Novichkova V.A. Polyakova (1997) ArticleTitleEffect of Increased CO2 Concentration on Growth, Photosynthesis, and Biochemical Composition of Pisum sativum L. Plants Fiziol. Rast. 44 26–32
H. Demmers-Derks R.A.G. Mitchell V.J. Mitchell D.W. Lawlor (1998) ArticleTitleResponse of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Yield and Biochemical Composition to Elevated CO2, Temperature and Two Nitrogen Applications Plant Cell Environ. 21 829–836
G. Edwards D. Walker (1983) C3: C4 Mechanisms, and Cellular and Environmental Regulation of Photosynthesis Blackwell Sci. Oxford
J.P. Maroco G.E. Edwards M.S.B. Ku (1999) ArticleTitlePhotosynthetic Acclimation of Maize to Growth under Elevated Levels of Carbon Dioxide Planta 210 115–125
T.F. Andreeva L.E. Strogonova S.Yu. Voevudskaya S.N. Maevskaya N.N. Cherkanova (1989) ArticleTitleInfluence of the High CO2 Concentration on Photosynthesis, Carbohydrate and Nitrogen Metabolism, and Growth in Mustard Plants Fiziol. Rast. 36 40–48
S.B. Idso B.A. Kimball (1992) ArticleTitleSeasonal Fine-Root Biomass Development of Sour Oranges Trees Grown in Atmospheres of Ambient and Elevated CO2 Concentration Plant Cell Environ. 15 337–341
D. Eamus P.G. Jarvis (1989) ArticleTitleThe Direct Effects of Increase in the Global Atmospheric CO2 Concentration on Natural and Commercial Temperate Trees and Forests Adv. Ecol. Res. 19 1–55
Y. Luo C.B. Field H.A. Mooney (1994) ArticleTitlePredicting Responses of Photosynthesis and Root Fraction to Elevated [CO2]: Interaction among Carbon, Nitrogen, and Growth Plant Cell Environ. 17 1195–1204
W.M. Korschner F. Wagner E.H. Visscher H. Vissner (1997) ArticleTitleThe Response of Leaf Stomatal Frequency to a Future CO2-Enriched Atmosphere: Constraints from Historical Observations Geol. Rundschau 86 512–517
J.S. Amthor G.W. Koch A.J. Bloom (1991) ArticleTitleRespiration in a Future, Higher-CO2 World Plant Cell Environ. 14 13–20
S.N. Tsyuryupa V.A. Mudrik A.K. Romanova (2002) ArticleTitleEffects of the Increased CO2 Concentration on Transpiration and Kinetics of Photosynthetic CO2 Exchange in Sugar Beet under Various Nitrate Levels Dokl. Akad. Nauk 384 563–565
R.B. Thomas K.L. Griffin (1994) ArticleTitleDirect and Indirect Effects of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Enrichment on Leaf Respiration of Glycine max (L.) Merr. Plant Physiol. 104 355–361
X. Wang J.D. Lewis D.T. Tissues J.R. Seemann K.L. Griffin (2001) ArticleTitleEffects of Elevated Atmospheric CO2 Concentration on Leaf Dark Respiration of Xanthium strumarium in Light and in Darkness Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98 2479–2484
R.C. Sicher D.F. Kremer (1994) ArticleTitleResponses of Nicotiana tabacum to CO2 Enrichment at Low Photon Flux Density Physiol. Plant. 92 383–388
Gulyaev, B.I., Sitnitskii, P.A., Manuil’skii, V.D., and Likholat, D.A., Influence of the Elevated CO2 Concentration on Photosynthesis, Growth, and Phytohormones in Sunflower, Dokl. Akad. Nauk USSR, Ser. B, 1989, no. 12, pp. 55–58.
A.K. Romanova V.A. Mudrik N.S. Novichkova R.N. Demidova V.A. Polyakova (2002) ArticleTitlePhysiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Sugar Beet Plants Grown at an Increased Carbon Dioxide Concentration and at Various Nitrate Doses Fiziol. Rast. 49 230–237
S. Stitt S. Huber P. Kerr (1987) Control of Sucrose Synthesis M.D. Hatch N.K. Boardman (Eds) The Biochemistry of Plants Academic New York 327
C.H. Foyer (1988) ArticleTitleFeedback Inhibition of Photosynthesis through Source-Sink Regulation in Leaves Plant Physiol. Biochem. 26 483–492
G.F.J. Millford J. Pearman (1975) ArticleTitleThe Relationship between Photosynthesis and Concentration of Carbohydrates in the Leaves of Sugar Beet Photosynthetica 9 78–81
S. Sawada V. Kuninaka K. Watanabe A. Sato H. Kawamura K. Komine T. Sakamoto M. Kasai (2001) ArticleTitleThe Mechanism of Suppress Photosynthesis through End-Product Inhibition in Single-Rooted Soybean Leaves during Acclimation to CO2 Enrichment Plant Cell Physiol. 42 1093–1102
S. Yelle R.C. Beeson M.J. Trudel A. Gosselin (1989) ArticleTitleAcclimation of Two Tomato Species to High Atmospheric CO2: 1. Sugar and Starch Concentration Plant Physiol. 90 1465–1472
J.H.H. Williams A.L. Winters S.J. Rollosk J.F. Farrar (1992) ArticleTitleRegulation of Leaf Metabolism by Sucrose Fiziol. Rast. 39 687–691
A.L. Kursanov (1976) Transport assimilyatov v rastenii Nauka Moscow
O.A. Pavlinova E.N. Balakhontsev M.F. Prasolova M.V. Turkina (2002) ArticleTitleSucrose-Phosphate Synthase, Sucrose Synthase, and Invertase in Sugar Beet Leaves Fiziol. Rast. 49 78–84
S.V. Sokolova N.O. Balakshina M.S. Krasavina (2002) ArticleTitleActivation of Soluble Acid Invertase Accompanies the Cytokinin-Induced Source-Sink Leaf Transition Fiziol. Rast. 49 98–104
D.T. Upmeyer G.M. Koller (1973) ArticleTitleDiurnal Trends in Net Photosynthesis Rate and Carbohydrate Levels in Soybean Leaves Plant Physiol. 51 871–874
S.P. Robinson (1985) ArticleTitleOsmotic Adjustment by Intact Isolated Chloroplasts in Response to Osmotic Stress and Its Effect on Photosynthesis and Chloroplast Volume Plant Physiol. 79 996–1002
Y. Kovtun J. Daie (1995) ArticleTitleEnd-Product Control of Carbon Metabolism in Culture-Grown Sugar Beet Plants Plant Physiol. 108 1647–1656
E.E. Goldschmidt S.C. Huber (1992) ArticleTitleRegulation of Photosynthesis by End-Product Accumulation in Leaves of Plants Storing Starch, Sucrose, and Hexose Sugars Plant Physiol. 99 1443–1448
A. Schaewen ParticleVon M. Stitt R. Schmidt U. Sonnewald L. Willmitzer (1990) ArticleTitleExpression of a Yeast-Derived Invertase in the Cell Wall of Tobacco and Arabidopsis Plants Leads to Accumulation of Carbohydrate and Inhibition of Photosynthesis and Strongly Influences Growth and Phenotype of Transgenic Tobacco Plants EMBO J. 9 3033–3044
V. Stitt A. Schaeven Particlevon L. Willmitzer (1991) ArticleTitle“Sink” Regulation of Photosynthetic Metabolism in Transgenic Tobacco Plants Expressing Yeast Invertase in Their Cell Wall Involves a Decrease of the Calvin Cycle Enzymes and an Increase of Glycolytic Enzymes Planta 183 40–50
J.J. Oosten ParticleVan R.T. Besford (1995) ArticleTitleSome Relationships between the Gas Exchange, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Photosynthesis during Leaf Development of Tomato Plants after Transfer to Different Carbon Dioxide Concentrations Plant Cell Environ. 18 1253–1266
M.A. Porter B. Grodzinski (1984) ArticleTitleAcclimation to High CO2 in Bean: Carbonic Anhydrase and Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase Plant Physiol. 74 413–416
H. Nakano A. Makino T. Mae (1997) ArticleTitleThe Effect of Elevated Partial Pressures of CO2 on the Relationship between Photosynthetic Capacity and N Content in Rice Leaves Plant Physiol. 115 191–198
J.C. Theobald R.A.C. Mitchell M.A.J. Parry D.W. Lawlor (1998) ArticleTitleEstimating the Excess Investment in Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase in Leaves of Spring Wheat Grown under Elevated CO2 Plant Physiol. 118 945–955
R.T. Besford L.J. Ludwig A.C. Withers (1990) ArticleTitleThe Greenhouse Effect: Acclimation of Tomato Plants Growing in High CO2, Photosynthesis and Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase Protein J. Exp. Bot. 41 925–931
K.E. Koch (1996) ArticleTitleCarbohydrate-Modulated Gene Expression in Plants Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 47 509–540
P.R. Hinkelton P.A. Jolliffe (1980) ArticleTitleAlterations in the Physiology of CO2 Exchange in Tomato Plants Grown in CO2-Enriched Atmospheres Can. J. Bot. 58 2181–2189
M.M. Peet S.C. Huber D.T. Patterson (1986) ArticleTitleAcclimation to High CO2 in Monoecious Cucumbers: 2. Carbon Exchange Rates, Enzyme Activities and Nutrient Concentrations Plant Physiol. 80 63–67
S. Yelle R.C. Beeson M.J. Trudel A. Gosselin (1989) ArticleTitleAcclimation of Two Tomato Species to High Atmospheric CO2. 2. Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase and Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase Plant Physiol. 90 1473–1477
N. Majeau J.R. Coleman (1996) ArticleTitleEffect of CO2 on Carbonic Anhydrase and Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase Expression in Pea Plant Physiol. 112 569–574
T. Cervigni F. Teofani C. Bassanelli (1971) ArticleTitleEffect of CO2 on Carbonic Anhydrase in Avena sativa and Zea mays Phytochemistry 10 2991–2994
C.W. Chang (1975) ArticleTitleCarbon Dioxide and Senescence in Cotton Plant Plant Physiol. 55 515–519
C.A. Raines P.R. Horsnell C. Holder J.C. Lloyd (1992) ArticleTitle Arabidopsis thaliana Carbonic Anhydrase: cDNA Sequence and Effect of CO2 on mRNA Levels Plant. Mol. Biol. 20 1143–1148
R.B. Kachru L. Anderson (1974) ArticleTitleChloroplast and Cytoplasmic Enzymes: 5. Pea-Leaf Carbonic Anhydrase Planta 118 235–240
M.R. Badger G.D. Price (1994) ArticleTitleThe Role of Carbonic Anhydrase in Photosynthesis Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 45 369–392
L.K. Ignatova A.K. Romanova (1992) ArticleTitleParticipation of Carbonic Anhydrase in Inhibition of Photosynthesis in Pea Chloroplasts under CO2 Excess Fiziol. Rast. 39 711–717
N. Majeau M.A. Arnoldo J.R. Coleman (1994) ArticleTitleModification of Carbonic Anhydrase and Overproduction Constructs in Transgenic Tobacco Plant. Mol. Biol. 25 377–385
G.D. Price S. Caemmerer Particlevon J.R. Evans J.-W. Yu J. Lloyd V. Oja K. Harrison A. Gallagher (1994) ArticleTitleSpecific Reduction of Chloroplast Carbonic Anhydrase Activity by Antisense RNA in Transgenic Tobacco Plants Has a Minor Effect on Photosynthetic CO2 Assimilation Planta 193 310–340
N.A. Pronina S.I. Allakhverdiev E.V. Kupriyanova G.L. Klyachko-Gurvich V.V. Klimov (2002) ArticleTitleCarbonic Anhydrase in Subchloroplast Particles of Pea Plants Fiziol. Rast. 49 341–349
Romanova, A.K., Mudrik, V.A., Ignatova, L.K., Novichkova, N.S., and Ivanov, B.N., Symptoms of Initial Adaptation to the Increased Atmospheric CO2 Concentration in Sugar Beet, Tez. 5-go S”Dezda OFRR (Abst. 5th Congress Society Plant Physiol. Russia), Pensa, 2003, p. 330.
Ignatova, L.K., Rudenko, N.N., Romanova, A.K., Nikonova, S.I., and Ivanov, B.N., Soluble and Membrane Bounded Carbonic Anhydrases in Pea Leaves and Effect of Atmospheric CO2 Content on Their Activity, Tez. 5-go S”Dezda (Abst. 5th Congress Society Plant Physiol. Russia), Pensa, 2003, pp. 45–46.
S.C. Huber J.L. Huber (1992) ArticleTitleRole of Sucrose-Phosphate Synthase in Sucrose Metabolism in Leaves Plant Physiol. 99 1275–1278
J.J. Oosten ParticleVan D. Wilkins R.T. Besford (1994) ArticleTitleRegulation of the Expression of Photosynthetic Nuclear Genes by CO2 Is Mimicked by Regulation by Carbohydrates: A Mechanism for the Acclimation of Photosynthesis to High CO2? Plant Cell Environ. 17 913–923
E.A. Havir N.A. McHale (1989) ArticleTitleRegulation of Catalase in Leaves of Nicotiana sylvestris by High CO2 Plant Physiol. 89 952–957
I.E. Woodrow J.A. Berry (1988) ArticleTitleEnzymatic Regulation of Photosynthetic CO2 Fixation in C3 Plants Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 39 533–594
J.-C. Jang J. Sheen (1994) ArticleTitleSugar Sensing in Higher Plants Plant Cell 6 1665–1679 Occurrence Handle10.1105/tpc.6.11.1665 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXitl2lsbY%3D Occurrence Handle7827498
A. Krapp W.P. Quick M. Stitt (1991) ArticleTitleRibuloso-1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase, Other Calvin Cycle Enzymes and Chlorophyll Decrease when Glucose Is Supplied to Mature Spinach Leaves via the Transpiration Stream Planta 186 58–69 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00201498
A. Krapp B. Hoffmann C. Schaefer M. Stitt (1993) ArticleTitleRegulation of the Expression of rbcS and Other Photosynthetic Genes by Carbohydrates: A Mechanism for the “Sink Regulation” of Photosynthesis Plant J. 3 817–828
T. Murashige F. Scoog (1962) ArticleTitleA Revised Medium for Rapid Growth and Bioassay with Tobacco Tissue Cultures Physiol. Plant. 15 473–496
J.-Ch. Jang P. Leon L. Zhou J. Sheen (1997) ArticleTitleHexokinase as a Sugar Sensor in Higher Plants Plant Cell 9 5–9 Occurrence Handle10.1105/tpc.9.1.5
C. Dickinson T. Altabella M.J. Chrispeels (1991) ArticleTitleSlow Growth Phenotype of Transgenic Tomato Expressing Apoplastic Invertase Plant Physiol. 95 420–425
U. Sonnewald M. Brauer A. Schaewen Particlevon M. Stitt L. Willmitzer (1991) ArticleTitleTransgenic Tobacco Plants Expressing Yeast-Derived Invertase in the Cytosol, Vacuole, or Apoplast: A Powerful Tool for Studying Sucrose Metabolism and Sink/Source Interactions Plant J. 1 95–106
N. Dai A. Schaffer M. Petreikiv Y. Shanak Y. Giller K. Ratner A. Levine (1999) ArticleTitleOverexpression of Arabidopsis Hexokinase in Tomato Plant Inhibits Growth, Reduces Photosynthesis and Induces Rapid Senescence Plant Cell 11 1253–1266 Occurrence Handle10.1105/tpc.11.7.1253 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXkvFertb4%3D Occurrence Handle10402427
S.C.M. Smeekens F. Rook (1997) ArticleTitleSugar Sensing and Sugar-Mediated Signal Transduction in Plants Plant Physiol. 115 7–13
C. Scharrenberger (1990) ArticleTitleCharacterization and Compartmentation, in Green Leaves, of Hexokinases with Different Specificities for Glucose, Fructose and Mannose and Nucleotide Triphosphates Planta 181 249–255
E.S. Sisler C. Wood (1988) ArticleTitleInteraction of Ethylene and CO2 Physiol. Plant. 73 440–444
B. Grodzinsky (1992) ArticleTitlePlant Nutrition and Growth Regulation by CO2 Enrichment BioScience 42 517–525
O.N. Kulaeva O.S. Prokoptseva (2004) ArticleTitleRecent Advances in the Study of Mechanisms of Phytohormone Action Biokhimiya 69 293–310
A. Miller Ch.-H. Tsai D. Hemphill M. Endres S. Rodermel M. Stalding (1997) ArticleTitleElevated CO2 Effects during Leaf Ontogeny Plant Physiol. 115 1195–1200
S.P. Long (1991) ArticleTitleModification of the Response of Photosynthetic Productivity to Rising Temperature by CO2 Concentrations: Has Its Importance Underestimated? Plant Cell Environ. 14 729–739
J.A. Bunce (2000) ArticleTitleAcclimation to Temperature of the Response of Photosynthesis to Increased Carbon Dioxide Concentration in Taraxanum officinale Photosynth. Res. 64 89–94
G.A. Alexandrov T. Oikava Y. Yamagata (2003) ArticleTitleClimate Dependence of the CO2 Fertilization Effect on Terrestrial Net Primary Production Tellus 55B 669–675
W.J. Arp (1991) ArticleTitleEffects of Source-Sink Relations on Photosynthetic Acclimation to Elevated CO2 Plant Cell Environ. 14 869–875
A.J. Rowland-Bamford J.T. Baker L.Y. Allen G. Bowes (1991) ArticleTitleAcclimation of Rice to Changing Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration Plant Cell Environ. 14 577–583
T. Martin O. Oswald I.A. Graham (2002) ArticleTitle Arabidopsis Seedlings Growth, Storage Lipid Mobilization, and Photosynthetic Gene Expression Are Regulated by Carbon : Nitrogen Availability Plant Physiol. 128 472–481
N.R. Adam G.W. Wall B.A. Kimball P.J. Pinter R.L. LaMorte D.J. Hunsaker F.J. Adamsen T. Tompson A.D. Matthias S.W. Leavitt A.N. Webber (2000) ArticleTitleAcclimation Response of Spring Wheat in a Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) with Variable Soil Nitrogen Regimes: 1. Leaf Position and Phenology Determine Acclimation Response Photosynth. Res. 66 65–77
T. Brooks G.W. Wall P.J. Pinter B.A. Kimball R.L. LaMorte S.W. Leavitt A.D. Matthias F.J. Adamsen D.J. Hunsaker A.N. Webber (2000) ArticleTitleAcclimation Response of Spring Wheat in a Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) Atmosphere with Variable Soil Nitrogen Regimes: 3. Canopy Architecture and Gas Exchange Photosynth. Res. 66 97–108
A.H. Webber G.-Y. Nie S.P. Long (1994) ArticleTitleAcclimation of Photosynthetic Proteins to Rising Atmospheric CO2 Photosynth. Res. 39 413–425
V.A. Mudrik S.N. Tsyuryupa N.S. Novichkova A.K. Romanova (2001) ArticleTitleEffect of Elevated Nitrate Dose on Photosynthesis of Sugar Beet Grown under Doubled CO2 Concentration in Atmosphere Vestn. Bashkirskogo Univ. 2 63–65
V. Stitt A. Krapp (1999) ArticleTitleThe Interaction between Elevated Carbon Dioxide and Nitrogen Nutrition: The Physiological and Molecular Background Plant Cell Environ. 22 583–621
B.R. Fondy D.R. Geiger J.C. Servaites (1989) ArticleTitlePhotosynthesis, Carbohydrate Metabolism and Export in Beta vulgaris L. and Phaseolus vulgaris L. during Square and Sinusoidal Light Regimes Plant Physiol. 89 396–402
J.P. Conroy O. Ghannoum D. Jutla G. Rogers S. Seneweera (1998) Plant Responses to Elevated CO2 and Climate Stress L.J. deKok I. Stulen (Eds) Responses of Plant Metabolism to Air Pollution and Global Change Backhuys Leiden 181–191
R. Baçhzek-Kwinta J. Kósielniak (2003) ArticleTitleAnti-Oxidative Effect of Elevated CO2 Concentration in the Air on Maize Hybrids Subjected to Severe Chill Photosynthetica 41 161–165
J. Pospišilová J. Catský (1999) ArticleTitleDevelopment of Water Stress under Increased Atmospheric CO2 Concentration Photosynthetica 42 1–24
N.V. Pukhal’skaya L.V. Osipova (1999) ArticleTitleDrought Resistance of Wheat Plants in an Atmosphere Enriched with CO2 Fiziol. Rast. 46 259–267
A.T. Mokronosov (1999) Global Photosynthesis and Biodiversity of Vegetation G.A. Zavarzin (Eds) Krugovorot ugleroda na territorii Rossii Izd-vo NTP “Global’nye izmeneniya prirodnoi sredy i klimata” Moscow 19–62
G.J. Retallack (2001) ArticleTitleA 300-Million-Year Record of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide from Fossil Plant Cuticles Nature 411 287–290 Occurrence Handle10.1038/35077041 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXjvF2qtr0%3D Occurrence Handle11357126
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Translated from Fiziologiya Rastenii, Vol. 52, No. 1, 2005, pp. 129–145.
Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Romanova.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Romanova, A.K. Physiological and biochemical aspects and molecular mechanisms of plant adaptation to the elevated concentration of atmospheric CO2 . Russ J Plant Physiol 52, 112–126 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11183-005-0016-7
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11183-005-0016-7