Skip to main content
Log in

Perspectives on Multi-party Dialogue

  • Published:
Research on Language and Computation

Abstract

Most research on dialogue has concentrated on dialogues involving two interlocutors. In this paper we consider the nature of multi-party dialogues. We discuss whether some of the important characteristics that have been identified in two-party dialogues and the theoretical accounts that have been proposed for them are also applicable to multi-party dialogues. We argue that the way in which common ground is accumulated in multi-party dialogues differs from the way in which it is accumulated in the two-party dialogues that have commonly been studied. However, we argue that these differences are related to particular characteristics which tend to be associated with either two-party or multi-party dialogues but are not inherent to them. We show that these characteristics can account for differences between different types of two-party and multi-party dialogues, including effects of group size, and we propose that the same fundamental principles underlie behaviour in both two-party and multi-party dialogues.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bales R.F., Strodtbeck F.L., Mills T.M., Roseborough M.E. (1951) Channels of Communication in Small Groups. American Sociological Review 16:461–468

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bard E.G., Anderson A.H., Sotillo C., Aylett M., Doherty-Sneddon G., Newlands A. (2000) Controlling the Intelligibility of Referring Expressions in Dialogue. Journal of Memory and Language 42:1–22

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bavelas J.B., Coates L., Johnson T. (2000) Listeners as Co-narrators. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 79: 941–952

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bell A. (1984) Language Style as Audience Design. Language in Society 13:145–204

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bickerton D. (1980) What Happens when we Switch?. York Papers in Linguistics 9:41–56

    Google Scholar 

  • Bradac J. J., Mulac A., House A. (1988) Lexical Diversity and Magnitude of Convergent Versus Divergent Style Shifting – Perceptual and Evaluative Consequences. Language and Communication 8:213–228

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Branigan H.P., Pickering M.J., Cleland A.A. (2000) Syntactic Coordination in Dialogue. Cognition 75:B13-B25

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Branigan H. P., Pickering M. J., McLean J. F. (2005) Syntactic Alignment and Participant Role in Dialogue. Unpublished manuscript.

  • Branigan H. P., Pickering M. J., Pearson J., McLean J. F., Nass C. I. (2003) Syntactic Alignment between Computers and People: The Role of Belief about Mental States. Proceedings of the Twenty-fifth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, Boston, July 2003.

  • Brennan S. E., Clark H. H. (1996) Conceptual Pacts and Lexical choice in Conversation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition 22:1482–1493

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chartrand T.L., Bargh J.A. (1999). The Chameleon Effect: The Perception–Behaviour Link and Social Interaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 76:893–910

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clark H.H. (1992) Arenas of Language Use. University of Chicago Press, Chicago

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark H.H. (1996) Using Language. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark H.H., Carlson T.B. (1982) Hearers and Speech Acts. Language 58:332–373

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clark H.H., Haviland S.E. (1974) Psychological Processes in Linguistic Explanation. In: Cohen D. (eds) Explaining Linguistic Phenomena. Hemisphere Publishing Group, Washington, pp. 91–124

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark H.H., Haviland S.E. (1977) Comprehension and the Given-New Contract. In: Freedle R. (eds) Discourse Production and Comprehension. Erlbaum, Hillsdale NJ, pp. 1–40

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark H.H., Schaefer E.F. (1987) Dealing with Overhearers. In: Clark H. (eds) Arenas of Language Use. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp. 248–297

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark H.H., Schaefer E.F. (1989) Contributing to Discourse. Cognitive Science 13:259–294

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Douglas-Cowrie E. (1978) Linguistic Code-switching in a Northern Irish Village: Social Interaction and Social Ambition. In: Trudgill P. (eds) Sociolinguistic patterns in British English. Edward Arnold, London, pp. 37–51

    Google Scholar 

  • Fay N., Garrod S., Carletta J. (2000) Group Discussion as Interactive Dialogue or as Serial Monologue: The Influence of Group Size. Psychological Science 11:487–492

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ferguson C.A. (1975) Toward a Characterization of English Foreigner Talk. Anthropological Linguistics 17:1–14

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferreira V.S., Dell G.S. (2000) Effect of Ambiguity and Lexical Availability on Syntactic and Lexical Production. Cognitive Psychology 40:296–340

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fussell S.E., Krauss R.M. (1992) Coordination of knowledge in communication: Effects of Speakers’ Assumptions about what others know. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 62:378–391

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garrod S., Clark A. (1993) The Development of Dialogue Co-ordination Skills in Schoolchildren. Language and Cognitive Processes 8:101–126

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Giles H., Coupland J., Coupland N. (1991) Contexts of Accommodation: Developments in Applied Sociolinguistics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Giles H., Powesland P. (1975) Speech Style and Social Evaluation. Academic Press, San Diego

    Google Scholar 

  • Giles H., Smith P. M. (1979) Accommodation Theory: Optimal Levels of Convergence. In: Giles H., Clair R.St. (eds) Language and Social Psychology. Blackwell, Oxford, pp. 45–65

    Google Scholar 

  • Goffman E. (1976) Replies and Responses. Language in Society 5:257–313

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goodwin C. (1981) Conversational Organization: Interaction between Speakers and Hearers. Academic Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Grosz B., Sidner C. (1986) Attention, Intentions, and the Structure of Discourse. Computational Linguistics 12:175–204

    Google Scholar 

  • Hanna J.E., Tanenhaus M.K. (2004) Pragmatic Effects on Reference Resolution in a Collaborative Task: Evidence from Eye Movements. Cognitive Science 28:105–115

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hare A. P. (1962) Handbook of Small Group Research. Free Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Hare A. P. (1981) Group size. American Behavioral Scientist 24:695–708

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haywood S., Pickering M.J., Branigan H.P. (2005) Do Speakers Avoid Ambiguity in Dialogue?. Psychological Science 16:362–366

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Horton W.S., Gerrig R.S. (2005) The Impact of Memory Demands on Audience Design in Language Production. Cognition 96:127–142

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Horton W.S., Keysar B. (1996) When do Speakers take into Account Common Ground?. Cognition 59:91–117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Isaacs E.A., Clark H.H. (1987) References in Conversations between Experts and Novices. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 116:26–37

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ishizaki M., Kato T. (1998) Exploring the Characteristics of Multi-party Dialogues. Proceedings of the 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics. Montreal, Canada, pp. 583–589.

  • Jarvella R.J. (1971) Syntactic Processing of Connected Speech. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 10: 409–416

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karttunen L., Peters S. (1975) Conventional Implicature of Montague Grammar. Paper presented at the Berkeley Linguistics Society, Berkeley CA

  • Keysar B., Lin S.H., Barr D.J. (2003) Limits on Theory of Mind Use in Adults. Cognition 89:25–41

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levelt W.J.M., Kelter S. (1982) Surface Form and Memory in Question Answering. Cognitive Psychology 14:78–106

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis D.K. (1969) Convention: A Philosophical Study. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA

    Google Scholar 

  • Long M. (1983) Linguistic and Conversational Adjustments to Non-native Speakers. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 5:177–193

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marslen-Wilson W., Tyler L.K. (1976) Memory and Levels of Processing in a Psycholinguistic Context. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory 2:112–119

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pickering M.J., Garrod S. (2004) Towards a Mechanistic Psychology of Dialogue. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 27: 169–225

    Google Scholar 

  • Ravid D., Olshtain E., Ze’elon R. (2003) Gradeschoolers’ Linguistic and Pragmatic Speech Adaptation to Native and Non-native Interlocution. Journal of Pragmatics 35:71–99

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sacks H., Schegloff E.A., Jefferson G. (1974) A Simplest Systematics for the Organization of Turn-taking in Conversation. Language 50:696–735

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schenkein J. (1980) A Taxonomy for Repeating Action Sequences in Natural Conversation. In: Butterworth B. (eds) Language production (Vol 1). Academic Press, London, pp. 21–47

    Google Scholar 

  • Schiffer S.R. (1972) Meaning. Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Schober M.F., Clark H.H. (1989) Understanding by Addressees and Overhearers. Cognitive Psychology 21: 211–232

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stalnaker R.C. (1978) Assertion. In: Cole P. (eds) Syntax and Semantics 9: Pragmatics. Academic Press, New York, pp. 315–332

    Google Scholar 

  • Stalnaker R.C. (2002) Common Ground. Linguistics and Philosophy 25:701–721

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thelander M. (1982) A Qualitative Approach to the Quantitative Data of Speech Variation. In: Romaine S. (eds) Sociolinguistic Variation in Speech Communities. Edward Arnold, London, pp. 65–83

    Google Scholar 

  • Traum D.R. (2004) Issues in Multi-party Dialogues. In: Dignum F. (eds) Advances in Agent Communication. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 201–211

    Google Scholar 

  • Traum D. R., Allen J. F. (1994) Discourse Obligations in Dialogue Processing. Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics. Las Cruces, NM, pp. 1–8.

  • Wilkes-Gibbs D., Clark H.H. (1992) Coordinating Beliefs in Conversation. Journal of Memory and Language 31:183–194

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Holly Branigan.

About this article

Cite this article

Branigan, H. Perspectives on Multi-party Dialogue. Research Language Computation 4, 153–177 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11168-006-9002-2

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11168-006-9002-2

Keywords

Navigation