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Shadow education in Africa: Private supplementary tutoring and its policy implications

Mark Bray. Comparative Education Research Centre (CERC)/Centre for International Research in Supplementary Tutoring (CIRIST)/East China Normal University (ECNU), Hong Kong/Shanghai, 2021, 91 pp. CERC Monograph Series in Comparative and International Education and Development, no. 14. ISBN 978-988-14241-9-8 (pbk); free download (in English or French) available at https://cerc.edu.hku.hk/books/shadow-education-in-africa-private-supplementary-tutoring-and-its-policy-implications/

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Notes

  1. Ille, S., & Peacey, M. (2019). Forced private tutoring in Egypt: Moving away from a corrupt social norm. International Journal of Educational Development, 66, 105–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2018.12.003.

  2. Sobhy, H. (2012). Education and the production of citizenship in the late Mubarak Era: Privatization, discipline and the construction of the nation in Egyptian secondary schools. PhD Thesis. School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, UK.

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  1. New College of the Humanities at Northeastern, London, UK

    Sebastian Ille

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  1. Sebastian Ille
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Correspondence to Sebastian Ille.

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Ille, S. Shadow education in Africa: Private supplementary tutoring and its policy implications. Int Rev Educ 67, 711–713 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11159-021-09912-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11159-021-09912-y

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