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Convergence of Monastic and Modern Education in Bhutan?

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Abstract

In the 1960s, the Royal Government of Bhutan began developing its modern educational system. Over time, a strategic plan was formulated to meet Education for All and Millennium Development Goals. In 2003, the Royal University of Bhutan, the country’s first university, opened its doors. This paper uses comparative analysis to describe and explore the impact on the development of The Royal University of Bhutan of the national consciousness termed ‹Gross National Happiness’. It is proposed that the university is likely to become a catalyst for development, and an influential representative of and for a cultural identity. Will it become an elite institution? Will the institution offer formal degrees for all who qualify? It is suggested that the issues considered in Bhutan may be of significance for other new universities attempting to establish themselves in the developing world.

Résumé

CONVERGENCE DE L’ÉDUCATION MONASTIQUE ET MODERNE AU BHOUTAN? – Dans les annÉes 60, le Gouvernement Royal du Bhoutan a commencÉ à dÉvelopper son système d’Éducation moderne. Avec le temps, un plan stratÉgique a ÉtÉ formulÉ pour rÉaliser l’Éducation pour Tous et les Objectifs du MillÉnaire pour le DÉveloppement. En 2003, la première universitÉ du pays, l’UniversitÉ Royale du Bhoutan, a ouvert ses portes. Cet article se sert de l’analyse comparative pour dÉcrire et examiner l’impact de la conscience nationale appelÉe ‹le Bonheur National Brut’ sur le dÉveloppement de l’UniversitÉ Royale du Bhoutan. On propose que l’universitÉ devienne susceptible de devenir un catalyseur pour le dÉveloppement et un reprÉsentant influent d’une et pour une identitÉ culturelle. Deviendra-elle un Établissement d’Élite? L’Établissement offrira-t-il des grades universitaires conventionnels pour tous ceux qui veulent se qualifier? On suggère que les questions prises en considÉration au Bhoutan puissent être d’importance pour d’autres universitÉs nouvelles qui tentent de s’Établir dans le monde en voie de dÉveloppement.

Zusammenfassung

ZUSAMMENSCHLUSS VON MONASTISCHER UND MODERNER BILDUNG IN BHUTAN? – In den 1960er Jahren begann das regierende Königshaus von Bhutan damit, ein modernes Bildungssystem zu entwickeln. Im Laufe der Zeit wurden strategische Pläne zum Erreichen einer ‹Bildung für alle’ und von ‹Jahrtausend-Entwicklungszielen’ formuliert. 2003 öffnete die Königliche Universität von Bhutan, die erste Universität des Landes, ihre Tore. Dieser Artikel erforscht und beschreibt mithilfe der vergleichenden Analyse den Einfluss der Königlichen Universität von Bhutan auf das nationale Bewusstsein unter dem Namen ‹Gross National Happiness’. Es wird die Meinung vertreten, dass die Universität dabei ist, zum Entwicklungskatalysator und zur einflussreichen Repräsentanz kultureller Identität zu werden. Wird die Universität eine Eliteeinrichtung werden? Wird sie die Möglichkeit zur Erlangung formaler Abschlüsse und Grade eröffnen? Nach Ansicht der Autoren könnten die thematischen überlegungen, die in Bhutan angestellt werden, auch für die Bemühungen anderer neuer Universitäten um Etablierung in einer sich weiterentwickelnden Welt von Bedeutung sein.

Resumen

¿EXISTEN EN BHUTÁN UNA CONVERGENCIA DE EDUCACIÓN MONÁSTICA Y MODERNA? En los años sesenta del siglo XX, el Gobierno Real de BhutÁn comenzÓ a desarrollar su sistema educativo moderno. Con el transcurso del tiempo, se formulÓ un plan estratégico que respondiera a los Objetivos de EducaciÓn para Todos y Desarrollo del Milenio. En 2003 abriÓ sus puertas la Universidad Real de BhutÁn, la primera universidad del país. Este trabajo emplea un anÁlisis comparativo para describir y explorar el impacto que produce el desarrollo de la Universidad Real de BhutÁn sobre la conciencia nacional denominada Felicidad Nacional Bruta. Se proyecta que la Universidad se convierta en algo así como una catalizador del desarrollo y un representante de influencia de y para la identidad cultural. ¿Se convertirÁ en una instituciÓn de elite? ¿OfrecerÁ la instituciÓn títulos oficiales para todos los que reúnan las condiciones necesarias? El trabajo sugiere que los problemas considerados en BhutÁn pueden ser importantes para otras nuevas universidades que traten de establecerse en el mundo en desarrollo.

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Correspondence to Brian D. Denman.

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Denman, B.D., Namgyel, S. Convergence of Monastic and Modern Education in Bhutan?. Int Rev Educ 54, 475–491 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11159-008-9085-0

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