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The impact of acidic spring water on Gwrgay natural clay and its adsorption efficiency: a kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic comparison

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Abstract

Natural clay has low adsorption capacity. Acid activation for different types of clay increases the adsorption capacity to be used as good adsorbents for removing hazardous chemicals from waste water. Herein, we demonstrate the influence of an acidic spring water on physicochemical changes of the natural clay of Gwrgay (GW) (Sulaimani district, Kurdistan region of Iraq) and possible use in environmental management. The isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic studies were performed for the adsorption of malachite green (MG) onto the natural clay and its naturally acid activated form (AGW) to show the extent of activation on GW clay. Characterization of the two clay samples (GW and AGW) showed that the SiO2 and Al2O3 percentage have been increased for AGW clay due to the dissolution of calcite content by the action of the acid. The XRD patterns of the oriented samples shows that the clay samples are mixed layered type of illite/smectite structure, contaminated with kaolinite as minor clay mineral. The kinetic experiments show the equilibrium adsorption of MG on GW and AGW were attained after 360 min. Langmuir isotherm model was best fitted to the adsorption data. The adsorption capacity of GW (368.1 mg g−1 at 30 °C) has increased significantly for AGW clay (449.4 mg g−1). The adsorption process followed a pseudo-second-order kinetics as analyzed from the non-linear regression of the kinetic data.

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  1. College of Medical and Applied Sciences, Charmo University, Chamchamal, 46025, Iraq

    Bakhtyar K. Aziz

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Aziz, B.K. The impact of acidic spring water on Gwrgay natural clay and its adsorption efficiency: a kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic comparison. Reac Kinet Mech Cat 133, 467–481 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11144-021-01998-7

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