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Waste mussel shell as a highly efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of polyfunctionalized 4H-pyrans in aqueous media

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Abstract

An economical and environmentally friendly heterogeneous base catalyst has been developed from a waste freshwater mussel shell and employed successfully for the synthesis of 4H-pyrans in an aqueous medium at ambient temperature. 2-arylidenemalononitrile, an intermediate of 4H-pyran reaction, was also prepared using the same catalyst. The catalyst was characterized by FT-IR, XRD, XRF, EDS, and SEM. Analytical tools such as XRF and EDS explored the presence of calcium oxide as a main component in the mussel shell, while the XRD pattern showed crystalline nature and SEM image displayed porous surface with irregular cavities. The catalyst exhibited unprecedented performance in the one-pot three-component condensation reaction of C–H activated acidic compounds with aromatic aldehydes and malononitrile in the green reaction medium and offered pure products without chromatographic separation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, ACS College, Affiliated To Shivaji University, Dist: Sangli, Palus, 416310, India

    U. P. Patil

  2. Green Chemistry Research Laboratory, SMDBS College, Affiliated to Shivaji University, Dist: Sangli, Miraj, 416410, India

    Rupesh C. Patil

  3. Synthetic Research Laboratory, PG Department of Chemistry, PDVP College, Affiliated To Shivaji University, Dist: Sangli, Tasgaon, 416312, India

    Suresh S. Patil

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  1. U. P. Patil
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Patil, U.P., Patil, R.C. & Patil, S.S. Waste mussel shell as a highly efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of polyfunctionalized 4H-pyrans in aqueous media. Reac Kinet Mech Cat 129, 679–691 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11144-020-01743-6

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