Abstract
In 1919, in the wake of the Central Power’s defeat in World War I, Ludwig von Mises published his second book, Nation, State, and Economy. The book explores the consequences of war and the type of political and economic arrangements likely to generate a lasting peace in the future. This paper reviews the book’s key themes regarding the relationship between war and the economy. We make connections between Mises’ insights and contemporary literature in order to demonstrate the continuing relevance of Nation, State, and Economy a century after its publication.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
Interestingly, a majority of the studies looking at the effect of military spending on economic growth, as measured by standard aggregate figures, find either no effect or a negative effect (see Dunne and Tian 2013).
References
Blackwell, R. D., & Harris, J. M. (2016). War by other means: Geoeconomics and statecraft. Boston: Harvard University Press.
Butos, W. N., & McQuade, T. J. (2006). Government and science: A dangerous liaison? The Independent Review: A Journal of Political Economy, 11(2), 177–208.
Cowen, Tyler. (2014). “The lack of major wars may be hurting economic growth,” The New York Times, June 13. Published online: https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/14/upshot/the-lack-of-major-wars-may-be-hurting-economic-growth.html?_r=0. Accessed 22 Jan 2019.
Coyne, C. J. (2013). Doing bad by doing good: Why humanitarian action fails. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Coyne, C. J., & Bills, B. L. (2018). Overlooked costs of war-related research: A comment on ‘early RAND as a talent incubator by Nicholas Rescher. The Independent Review: A Journal of Political Economy, 22(3), 429–434.
Coyne, Christopher J. and Abigail R. Hall. (Forthcoming). State-provided defense as non-comprehensive planning. Journal of Private Enterprise.
Coyne, Christopher J. and Pellillo Adam. (2013). “The political economy of war and peace,” In, Michael Reksulak, Laura Razzolini, and William F. Shughart II, eds., The Elgar Companion to Public Choice, 2nd edition (Edward Elgar Publishing), pp. 469–493.
Dorussen, H. (2006). Heterogeneous trade interests and conflict. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 50(1), 87–107.
Dorussen, H., & Ward, H. (2010). Trade networks and the Kantian peace. Journal of Peace Research, 47(1), 29–42.
Dudziak, M. (2013). War time: An idea, its history, its consequences. New York: Oxford University Press.
Duncan, T. K., & Coyne, C. J. (2013). The origins of the permanent war economy. The Independent Review: A Journal of Political Economy, 18(2), 219–240.
Dunne, J. P., & Tian, N. (2013). Military expenditure and economic growth: A survey. The Economics of Peace and Security Journal, 18(1), 5–11.
Eland, I. (2013). Warfare state to welfare state: Conflict causes government to expand at home. The Independent Review: A Journal of Political Economy, 18(2), 189–218.
Friedman, M. (1962). Capitalism and freedom. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Gartzke, E. (2005). Freedom and peace. In J. D. Gwartney & R. A. Lawson (Eds.), Economic freedom in the world (pp. 29–44). Vancouver: Fraser Institute.
Gartzke, E. (2007). The capitalist peace. American Journal of Political Science, 51(1), 166–191.
Gartzke, E. (2009). Production, prosperity, preferences, and peace. In P. Graeff & G. Mehlkhop (Eds.), Capitalism, democracy, and the prevention of war and poverty (pp. 31–60). London: Routledge.
Gartzke, E., & Li, Q. (2003). Measure for measure: Concept operationalization and the trade interdependence – Conflict debate. Journal of Peace Research, 40(3), 553–571.
Hayek, F. A. (1944). The road to serfdom. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Hayek, F. A. (1945). The use of knowledge in society. The American Economic Review, 35(4), 519–530.
Higgs, R. (1987). Crisis and leviathan: Critical episodes in the growth of American government. New York: Oxford University Press.
Higgs, R. (1992). Wartime prosperity? A reassessment of the U.S. economy in the 1940s. The Journal of Economic History, 52(1), 41–60.
Higgs, R. (2004). Wartime socialization of investment: A reassessment of U.S. capital formation in the 1940s. The Journal of Economic History, 64(2), 500–520.
Ikeda, S. (1996). Dynamics of the mixed economy: Toward a theory of interventionism. New York: Routledge.
Irwin, D. A. (2015). Free Trade Under Fire. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Kant, E. (1795 [1796]). Project for a perpetual peace: A philosophical essay. London: Vernor and Hood.
Kapás, Judit and Pál Czeglédi. (Forthcoming). Social orders, and a weak form of the Hayek Friedman hypothesis. International Review of Economics.
Kealey, T. (1997). The economic Laws of scientific research. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Kirzner, Israel M. (1979). “The Perils of Regulation: A Market Process Approach,” Occasional Paper of the Law and Economics Center, University of Miami School of Law, February.
Kirzner, I. M. (1992). The meaning of the market process: Essays in the development of modern Austrian economics. New York: Routledge.
Klein, P. G. (2013). Without the state, who would invent tang? The Free Market, 31(3), 1–3.
Lavoie, D. (1985). National Economic Planning: What is left? Washington, D.C.: Cato Institute.
Lawson, R. A., & Clark, J. R. (2010). Examining the Hayek-Friedman hypothesis on economic and political freedom. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 74(3), 230–239.
McCloskey, D. M. (2006). The bourgeois virtues: Ethics for an age of commerce. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
McDonald, P. (2009). The invisible hand of peace. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Montesquieu, Charles de Secondat (1748) 2005. The Spirit of Laws, Part One. Thomas Nugent (translator), Montana: Kessinger Publishing.
Mousseau, M. (2000). Market prosperity, democratic consolidation, and democratic peace. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 44(4), 472–507.
Mousseau, M. (2002). An economic limitation to the zone of democratic peace and cooperation. International Interactions, 28, 137–164.
Mousseau, M. (2003). The Nexus of market society, Liberal preferences, and democratic peace: Interdisciplinary theory and evidence. International Studies Quarterly, 47(4), 483–510.
Mousseau, M. (2005). Comparing new theory with prior beliefs. Market civilization and the Liberal peace. Conflict Management and Peace Science, 22(1), 63–77.
Mousseau, M. (2009). The social market roots of the democratic peace. International Security, 33(4), 52–86.
Mousseau, M. (2013). The democratic peace unraveled: It’s the economy. International Studies Quarterly, 57(1), 186–197.
Oneal, J. R. (2003). Measuring interdependence and its Pacific benefits. Journal of Peace Research, 40(4), 721–725.
Oneal, J. R., Russett, B., & Berbaum, M. L. (2004). Causes of peace: Democracy, interdependence, and international organizations, 1885-1992. International Studies Quarterly, 47(3), 371–393.
Polachek, S. W. (1980). Conflict and trade. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 24(1), 57–78.
Polachek, S. W. (1992). Conflict and trade: An economics approach to political international interactions. In W. Isard & C. Anderton (Eds.), Economics of arms reduction and the peace process (pp. 89–120). Amsterdam: Elsevier Science.
Polachek, S. W. (1999). Conflict and trade: An economics approach to political international interactions. Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy, 5(2), 1–32.
Polachek, S. W., & McDonald, J. A. (1992). Strategic trade and the incentive for cooperation. In M. Chatterji & L. R. Forcey (Eds.), Disarmament, economic conversion, and management of peace (pp. 273–284). Westport, CT: Praeger.
Rockoff, H. (2016). War and inflation in the United States from the revolution to the Persian Gulf war. In J. Eloranta, E. Golson, A. Markevich, & N. Wolf (Eds.), Economic History of Warfare and State Formation (pp. 159–195). Berlin: Springer.
Rothbard, M. (1970). Power and Market: Government and the Economy. Menlo Park: Institute for Humane Studies.
Ruttan, V. W. (2006). Is war necessary for economic growth? Military procurement and technology development. New York: Oxford University Press.
Salerno, J. (1999). War and the Money Machine: Concealing the Costs of War Beneath the Veil of Inflation. In J.V Denson (Ed.), The Costs of War: America's Pyrrhic Victories (pp. 433-453). New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers.
Souva, M., & Prins, B. (2006). The Liberal peace revisited: The role of democracy, dependence, and development in militarized interstate dispute initiation, 1950-1999. International Interactions, 32(2), 183–200.
von Mises, L. (1919). [2006]. Nation, State, and Economy: Contributions to the Politics and History of Our Time. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, Inc.
von Mises, L. (1920). [1935]. Economic Calculation in the Socialist Commonwealth. In F. A. Hayek (Ed.), Collectivist Economic Planning (pp. 87–130). Clifton: Augustus M. Kelley.
von Mises, L. (1922). [1981]. Socialism: An Economic and Sociological Analysis. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, Inc.
von Mises, L. (1940). [2011]. Interventionism: An Economic Analysis. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, Inc.
von Mises, L. (1949). Human action: A treatise on economics. Chicago: Henry Regnery.
Weede, E. (2004). The diffusion of prosperity and peace by globalization. The Independent Review: A Journal of Political Economy, 9(2), 165–186.
Weede, E. (2006). Economic freedom and development. Cato Journal, 26(3), 511–524.
Weede, E. (2011). The Capitalist Peace. In C. J. Coyne & R. L. Mathers (Eds.), The Handbook on the Political Economy of War (pp. 269–280). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc.
Xiang, J., Xu, X., & Keteku, G. (2007). Power: The missing link in the trade conflict relationship. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 51(4), 646–663.
Yeager, L. B. (1999). Nation, state, and economy: Mises’ contribution. Journal of Economic Studies, 26(4/5), 327–337.
Zielinski, R. C. (2016). How states pay for wars. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Coyne, C.J., Bradley, A.R. Ludwig von Mises on war and the economy. Rev Austrian Econ 32, 215–228 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11138-019-0433-z
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11138-019-0433-z