Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The validation of the Turkish version of Asthma Control Test

  • Brief Communication
  • Published:
Quality of Life Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

An Erratum to this article was published on 15 January 2013

Abstract

Introduction

Current guidelines focus more on levels of asthma control than on severity of asthma. The original version of the Asthma Control Test (ACT), a self-administered instrument to determine asthma control levels, was designed for English-speaking patients. More recently, the ACT has been translated into many languages and has been validated for many cultures, but this is the first study to evaluate the Turkish version.

Purpose

We aimed to evaluate the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the Turkish version of the ACT among outpatients with asthma.

Method

This multicenter prospective study included 220 asthma patients in outpatient clinics in Turkey. The ACT was completed at admission (Visit 1), after 10 ± 2 days (Visit 2), and at 5 ± 1 weeks (Visit 3). At each visit, physicians assessed patients’ asthma control levels.

Results

The Turkish version of the ACT showed an internal consistency reliability of 0.84 (Cronbach’s alpha). Test–retest reliability was 0.85 in stable patients. There was a significant correlation between the ACT and physicians’ assessments at admission (r = 0.68, p < 0.001). The AUC was 0.91, with a sensitivity of 89.06 % and a specificity of 78.26 % for a score of ≤19 for screening “uncontrolled” asthma. A minimally important difference of three points on the ACT was consistent with the GINA physician assessment scores between the baseline and the follow-up visits.

Conclusion

The Turkish version of the ACT is a valid and reliable tool for assessing asthma control in patients in outpatient settings. The test may facilitate the designation of asthma patients’ symptoms as either controlled or uncontrolled.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

References

  1. Wilson, S. R., Rand, C. S., Cabana, M. D., Foggs, M. B., Halterman, J. S., Olson, L., et al. (2012). Asthma outcomes: Quality of life. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 129(3), S88–S123.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Global strategy for asthma management and prevention. Available from http://www.ginasthma.org/pdf/archived/GINA_Report_072007.pdf.

  3. Bousquet, J., Clark, T. J., Hurd, S., Khaltaev, N., Lenfant, C., O’Byrne, P., et al. (2007). GINA guidelines on asthma and beyond. Allergy, 62(2), 102–112.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Nathan, R. A., Sorkness, C. A., Kosinski, M., Schatz, M., Li, J. T., Marcus, P., et al. (2004). Development of the asthma control test: A survey for assessing asthma control. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 113(1), 59–65.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Schatz, M., Sorkness, C. A., Li, J. T., Marcus, P., Murray, J. J., Nathan, R. A., et al. (2006). Asthma Control Test: Reliability, validity, and responsiveness in patients not previously followed by asthma specialists. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 117(3), 549–556.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Vega, J. M., Badia, X., Badiola, C., Lopez-Vina, A., Olaguibel, J. M., Picado, C., et al. (2007). Validation of the Spanish version of the Asthma Control Test (ACT). Journal of Asthma, 44(10), 867–872.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Zhou, X., Ding, F. M., Lin, J. T., Yin, K. S., Chen, P., He, Q. Y., et al. (2007). Validity of Asthma Control Test in Chinese patients. Chinese Medical Journal (English version), 120(12), 1037–1041.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Lababidi, H., Hijaoui, A., & Zarzour, M. (2008). Validation of the Arabic version of the asthma control test. Annals of Thoracic Medicine, 3(2), 44–47.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. El Hasnaoui, A., Martin, J., Salhi, H., & Doble, A. (2009). Validation of the Asthma Control Test questionnaire in a North African population. Respiratory Medicine, 103(Suppl 2), S30–S37.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Zhou, X., Ding, F. M., Lin, J. T., & Yin, K. S. (2009). Validity of Asthma Control Test for asthma control assessment in Chinese primary care settings. Chest, 135(4), 904–910.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Roxo, J. P. F., Ponte, E. V., Ramos, D. C. B., Pimentel, L., D’Oliveira Júnior, A., & Cruz, A. A. (2010). Portuguese-language version of the Asthma Control Test: Validation for use in Brazil. Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia, 36(2), 159–166.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Grammatopoulou, E. P., Stavrou, N., Myrianthefs, P., Karteroliotis, K., Baltopoulos, G., Behrakis, P., et al. (2011). Validity and reliability evidence of the Asthma Control Test: ACT in Greece. Journal of Asthma, 48(1), 57–64.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Nguyen, V. N., Chavannes, N., Le, L. T., & Price, D. (2012). The Asthma Control Test (ACT) as an alternative tool to Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guideline criteria for assessing asthma control in Vietnamese outpatients. Primary Care Respiratory Journal, 21(1), 85–89.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Sekerel, B. E., Soyer, O. U., Keskin, O., Uzuner, N., Yazicioglu, M., Kilic, M., et al. (2012). The reliability and validity of Turkish version of Childhood Asthma Control Test. Quality of Life Research, 21(4), 685–690.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Turkish version of Asthma Control Test. Available from http://www.asthmacontroltest.com/countries/turkey04/page_two.asp?country=TURKEY&lang=.

  16. The Turkish version of Asthma Control Test. Available from http://www.mapi-institute.com/questionnaires-and-translation/ourcatalog/132-specific-questionnaires-respiratory-diseases.

  17. Translation process. Available from http://www.qualitymetric.com/WhatWeDo/TranslationProcess/tabid/213/Default.aspx.

  18. Schatz, M., Kosinski, M., Yarlas, A. S., Hanlon, L., Watson, M. E., & Jhingran, P. (2009). The minimally important difference of the Asthma Control Test. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 124(4), 719–723.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Juniper, E. F., O’Byrne, P. M., Guyatt, P. J., & King, D. R. (2009). Development and validation of a questionnaire to measure asthma control. European Respiratory Journal, 4(4), 902–907.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Sekerel, B. E., Gemicioglu, B., & Soriano, J. B. (2006). Asthma insights and reality in Turkey (AIRET) study. Respiratory Medicine, 100(10), 1850–1854.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Turktas, H., Mungan, D., Uysal, M. A., Oguzulgen, K., & Turkish Asthma Control Survey Study Group. (2010). Determinants of asthma control in tertiary level in Turkey: A cross-sectional multicenter survey. Journal of Asthma, 47(5), 557–562.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We are indebted to Dr. Özge Yılmaz for her invaluable assistance in the preparation of the manuscript. An unrestricted grant from GlaxoSmithKline, Turkey, supported this research.

Conflict of interest

The authors have no conflict of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Yedikule Hospital for Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey

    Mehmet Atilla Uysal

  2. Department of Chest Diseases, Division of Allergy, Ankara University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey

    Dilsad Mungan

  3. Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey

    Arzu Yorgancioglu

  4. Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey

    Fusun Yildiz

  5. Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey

    Metin Akgun

  6. Department of Chest Diseases, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey

    Bilun Gemicioglu

  7. Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey

    Haluk Turktas

Authors
  1. Mehmet Atilla Uysal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Dilsad Mungan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Arzu Yorgancioglu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Fusun Yildiz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Metin Akgun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Bilun Gemicioglu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Haluk Turktas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Consortia

The Turkish Asthma Control Test (TACT) Study Group

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mehmet Atilla Uysal.

Additional information

The members of The Turkish Asthma Control Test Study Group are given in Appendix section.

Appendix: The Turkish Asthma Control Test Study Group

Appendix: The Turkish Asthma Control Test Study Group

Gulcihan Ozkan (Yedikule Hospital For Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey), Insu Yilmaz (Department of Chest Diseases, Division of Allergy, Ankara University, School Of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey), Mine Incioglu (Department of Chest Diseases, Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Medicine, Manisa), Hasim Boyaci (Department of Chest Diseases, Kocaeli University, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli), Sibel Atis (Department of Chest Diseases, Mersin University, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey), Aslihan Yalcin (Department of Chest Diseases, Erzurum State Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey), Nazan Gulhan Bayram (Department of Chest Diseases, Gaziantep University, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey), Figen Deveci (Department of Chest Diseases, Elazig University, Faculty of Medicine, Elazig, Turkey), Didem Pulur Department of Chest Diseases, Atatürk University, Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey), Eylem Selcan Ozgur (Department of Chest Diseases, Mersin University, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey), Berna Dursun (Department of Chest Diseases, Atatürk Hospital For Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey), Yilmaz Bulbul (Department of Chest Diseases, Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey), Ebru Sulu (Department of Chest Diseases, Sureyyapasa Hospital For Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey), Dr. Veysel Yilmaz (Yedikule Hospital For Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey).

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Uysal, M.A., Mungan, D., Yorgancioglu, A. et al. The validation of the Turkish version of Asthma Control Test. Qual Life Res 22, 1773–1779 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-012-0309-1

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-012-0309-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation