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Uncovering Potentially Therapeutic Phytochemicals, In silico Analysis, and Biological Assessment of South-Chinese Red Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus)

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Abstract

Red dragon fruit is gaining popularity globally due to its nutritional value and bioactive components. The study aimed to assess the phytochemical, nutritional composition, antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic properties of extracts from the South Chinese red dragon fruit peel, flesh, and seeds. Extract fractions with increasing polarity (ethyl acetate<acetone<ethanol<methanol) were prepared. Significant amounts of nutritional components (minerals, protein, sugars, vitamins, fatty acids) were found in all parts of the fruit. The ethanol (ET) and methanol (MT) fractions of all the extracts exhibited significant antioxidant activity, with EC50 values ranging from 3.25–8.30 μg/mL. The flesh MT and ET extract fractions demonstrated substantial inhibitory effects, with MIC50 ranging 73.62–98.85 μg/mL, against several multidrug-resistant bacteria. Cytotoxicity assays revealed no adverse effects of the crude extract fractions on human keratinocytes (HaCaT) cells (from adult human skin). Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) analyses unveiled a wide array of compounds with known and unknown antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Thereafter, pharmacological property screening and molecular docking were performed. The results identified four active compounds, baicalein, quercetin, morin, and isorhamnetin, which demonstrated strong binding affinity with the selected target proteins and complied with most of the pharmacological parameters. In conclusion, this study provides essential information on the key nutrients present in the peel, flesh, and seeds of the red dragon fruit from Southern-China. Furthermore, it highlights the potential of ET and MT fractions, which contain compounds with promising antibacterial properties.

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Data Availability

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article (and its supplementary information files).

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Funding

The research was funded by the earmarked fund for CARS-32, China, and Shenzhen Polytechnic University, China, 518055.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Food and Drug, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, 518055, China

    Ali Asghar, Qiao Fang & Wang Jun

  2. Shenzhen Institute of Quality and Safety Inspection Research, Shenzhen, 518055, China

    Lin Huichun & Wang Rui

  3. Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University, Istanbul, 34010, Turkey

    Naveed Ahmad Khan

  4. Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Malaysia

    Muhammad Shahid

Authors
  1. Ali Asghar
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  2. Lin Huichun
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  4. Naveed Ahmad Khan
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  5. Muhammad Shahid
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  6. Wang Rui
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  7. Wang Jun
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Contributions

AA, WJ, and QF designed the study concept. AA conducted all the experimental studies, interpretations, and elucidation of data. MS conducted the virtual study. AA and MS have drafted the entire manuscript. LH, NAK, and WR provided critical reviews and valuable suggestions on the structure of the manuscript. All the authors have given their consent and agreed to the contents of the manuscript. WJ, LH, QF, NAK, and WR have been involved in the overall supervision of the research work conducted and contributed to resource management. Funding acquisition, LH, QF, WR, and WJ.

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Correspondence to Wang Rui or Wang Jun.

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Asghar, A., Huichun, L., Fang, Q. et al. Uncovering Potentially Therapeutic Phytochemicals, In silico Analysis, and Biological Assessment of South-Chinese Red Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus). Plant Foods Hum Nutr (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-024-01151-4

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