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Exposure to ultraviolet radiation delays photosynthetic recovery in Arctic kelp zoospores

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Abstract

Seasonal reproduction in some Arctic Laminariales coincides with increased UV-B radiation due to stratospheric ozone depletion and relatively high water temperatures during polar spring. To find out the capacity to cope with different spectral irradiance, the kinetics of photosynthetic recovery was investigated in zoospores of four Arctic species of the order Laminariales, the kelps Saccorhiza dermatodea, Alaria esculenta, Laminaria digitata, and Laminaria saccharina. The physiology of light harvesting, changes in photosynthetic efficiency and kinetics of photosynthetic recovery were measured by in vivo fluorescence changes of Photosystem II (PSII). Saturation irradiance of freshly released spores showed minimal I k values (photon fluence rate where initial slope intersects horizontal asymptote of the curve) values ranging from 13 to 18 µmol photons m−2 s−1 among species collected at different depths, confirming that spores are low-light adapted. Exposure to different radiation spectra consisting of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR; 400–700 nm), PAR+UV-A radiation (UV-A; 320–400 nm), and PAR+ UV-A+UV-B radiation (UV-B; 280–320 nm) showed that the cumulative effects of increasing PAR fluence and the additional effect of UV-A and UV-B radiations on photoinhibition of photosynthesis are species specific. After long exposures, Laminaria saccharina was more sensitive to the different light treatments than the other three species investigated. Kinetics of recovery in zoospores showed a fast phase in S. dermatodea, which indicates a reduction of the photoprotective process while a slow phase in L. saccharina indicates recovery from severe photodamage. This first attempt to study photoinhibition and kinetics of recovery in zoospores showed that zoospores are the stage in the life history of seaweeds most susceptible to light stress and that ultraviolet radiation (UVR) effectively delays photosynthetic recovery. The viability of spores is important on the recruitment of the gametophytic and sporophytic life stages. The impact of UVR on the zoospores is related to the vertical depth distribution of the large sporophytes in the field.

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Abbreviations

PAR:

photosynthetically active radiation (=P)

UV-A:

ultraviolet-A

UV-B:

ultraviolet-B

PAR+UV-A:

(=PA)

PAR+UV-A+UV-B:

(=PAB)

I k :

saturating irradiance

α:

photosynthetic efficiency

rETRmax :

maximum relative electron transport rate

PSII:

Photosystem II

Fv/Fm :

maximum potential quantum yield of PSII

P–I curve:

photosynthesis-irradiance curve

tan h:

hyperbolic tangent

PFR:

photon flux rate

CPDs:

cyclobutane-pyrimidine dimers

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Acknowledgements

We thank A. Gruber for technical help, the diving team of Spitsbergen 2004 field campaign especially M.␣Schwanitz for collecting fertile plant material and the Ny- Ålesund International Arctic Environmental Research and Monitoring Facility for support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Marine Station, Postfach 180, 27483, Helgoland, Germany

    Michael Y. Roleda

  2. Biozentrum Klein Flottbek, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorst-Str. 18, D-22609, Hamburg, Germany

    Dieter Hanelt

  3. Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany

    Christian Wiencke

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  1. Michael Y. Roleda
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  2. Dieter Hanelt
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Correspondence to Michael Y. Roleda.

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Roleda, M., Hanelt, D. & Wiencke, C. Exposure to ultraviolet radiation delays photosynthetic recovery in Arctic kelp zoospores. Photosynth Res 88, 311–322 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11120-006-9055-y

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