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Waterlogging tolerance of Bidens pilosa translates to increased competitiveness compared to native Bidens biternata

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Abstract

Background and aims

Waterlogging is a common natural disturbance that has negative impacts on dry-land plant species. However, few studies have focused on how waterlogging influences the invasiveness of non-native plant species on dry lands. Bidens pilosa is an invasive dry-land plant of the Asteraceae family that causes serious damage to biodiversity and agricultural production in southern China. To date, it remains unclear how waterlogging affects the competitiveness and growth of B. pilosa. The goal of this study is to determine whether waterlogging promotes the competitiveness of invasive B. pilosa.

Methods

The growth and physiological responses of invasive B. pilosa and native B. biternata and the competition effects between them were studied after 0 (control), 5, 10, 15, and 20 days of waterlogging stress (wherein the water level was maintained at the soil surface level).

Results

After short-term waterlogging stress, the competitive balance index of invasive B. pilosa significantly increased, indicating that short-term waterlogging on dry lands could significantly improve the competitiveness of invasive B. pilosa. Invasive B. pilosa maintained more rapid adventitious root generating capacity and higher root dehydrogenase activity under waterlogging conditions than native B. biternata, which allowed B. pilosa to adapt to the anoxic conditions much more rapidly. The smaller reductions in net photosynthetic rate, actual quantum yield of photosystem II and relative growth rate in B. pilosa than in B. biternata showed that invasive B. pilosa had stronger tolerance to waterlogging than native B. biternata.

Conclusion

Our results indicate that invasive B. pilosa has stronger tolerance to waterlogging than native B. biternata and that short-term waterlogging on dry lands can significantly improve the competitiveness of invasive B. pilosa. Short-term waterlogging on dry lands caused by extreme precipitation during the rainy season is expected to promote the invasive potential of exotic B. pilosa.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (31370446), National Key Technologies R&D Program of China (2015BAD08B02), Science and Technology Program of Guangdong (2014B020206003), Talent Introduction Project of Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology (2018RC58), and Foundation of President of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (201610).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, China

    Maofeng Yue, Aiguo Yin & Shuiming Cheng

  2. Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China

    Maofeng Yue, Hao Shen & Wanhui Ye

  3. College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Maofeng Yue

  4. Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou, 510640, China

    Maofeng Yue & Xingshan Tian

  5. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring; School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China

    Weihua Li

  6. Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Guangzhou, 510640, China

    Jinfeng Chen

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  1. Maofeng Yue
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Correspondence to Hao Shen.

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Yue, M., Shen, H., Li, W. et al. Waterlogging tolerance of Bidens pilosa translates to increased competitiveness compared to native Bidens biternata. Plant Soil 437, 301–311 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-019-03967-5

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