Abstract
Aims
A field experiment was conducted where maintenance of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal populations was attempted using AM host cover crops arranged temporally or spatially during growth of nonmycorrhizal crops.
Methods
To arrange AM hosts temporally, sunflower or oat was grown as a cover crop after non-host cropping (cabbage) or fallowing. In order to arrange AM hosts spatially, red clover, white clover or vetch was intercropped during growth of non-host cabbage.
Results
The AM colonization and growth of maize with previously introduced sunflower or oat were much greater than those without introduction of cover crops or those with introduction of non-host cover crops. The AM colonization and yield of winter wheat grown after cabbage with AM host intercropping were greater than those after cabbage only cropping, suggesting that arrangement of AM hosts between cabbage rows is effective for maintaining the AM fungal population in soil during non-host cropping.
Conclusions
Mycorrhizal hosts cropped after or during non-host cropping is an effective means to increase indigenous AM fungal populations. The results show that AM colonization, P uptake and productivity of crops after cultivation of nonmycorrhizal crops can be improved by arranging AM hosts temporally or spatially as cover crops.
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Abbreviations
- AM:
-
Arbuscular mycorrhizal
- DAP:
-
Days after planting
- CA-FL:
-
Cabbage cropping followed by fallowing
- CA-SF:
-
Cabbage cropping followed by sunflower cropping
- FL-OT:
-
Fallowing followed by oat cropping
- FL-BW:
-
Fallowing followed by buckwheat cropping
- CA:
-
Cabbage without intercropping
- CA-VT:
-
Cabbage intercropped with vetch
- CA-RC:
-
Cabbage intercropped with red clover
- CA-WC:
-
Cabbage intercropped with white clover
- CA-RC (J):
-
Cabbage intercropped with red clover from June (40 days after cabbage planting)
- RC:
-
Red clover instead of cabbage
- AZ:
-
Adzuki bean instead of cabbage
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Acknowledgments
This work was supported in part by the research program “New Crop Rotation Systems of Upland Crops Including Vegetables in Large-Scale Farming Area” from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan.
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Karasawa, T., Takebe, M. Temporal or spatial arrangements of cover crops to promote arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization and P uptake of upland crops grown after nonmycorrhizal crops. Plant Soil 353, 355–366 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-011-1036-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-011-1036-z